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Test 5
fifth pg of notes
38
Anatomy
11th Grade
02/25/2016

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Term
What are the two parts of the adrenal glands?
Definition
adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
Term
outer part of the adrenal gland
Definition
adrenal cortex
Term
inner part of adrenal gland
Definition
adrenal medulla
Term
What sits on the superior border of each kidney?
Definition
suprarenal gland
Term
What are the regions of the adrenal cortex?
Definition
outer zona glomerulose, middle zona fasciculate, and inner zonal reticularis
Term
What is the outer region of the adrenal cortex called?
Definition
outer zona glomerulosa
Term
What is the middle region of the adrenal cortex called?
Definition
middle zonal fasciculata
Term
What is the inner region of the adrenal cortex called?
Definition
inner zona reticulris
Term
What is the inner region of the adrenal cortex called?
Definition
inner zona reticularis
Term
What makes up about 15% of the adrenal volume and produces mineralocorticoid hormones?
Definition
outer zona glomerulosa
Term
What is the main hormone of aldosterone?
Definition
mineralocorticoid hormone
Term
What stimulates the conversation of sodium ions and the elimination of potassium ions?
Definition
aldosterone
Term
What produces steroid hormones called glucocorticoids due to the effect on glucose metabolism?
Definition
middle zone fasciculata
Term
cortisol
Definition
hydrocortisone
Term
What shows anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting WBC (white blood cell) activities?
Definition
cortisol
Term
What has fenestrated blood vessels and produce small quantities of androgen sex hormones?
Definition
inner zona reticularis
Term
pale gray or pink color due to many blood vessels, its secretions are controlled by sympathetic division of autonomic nervous system
Definition
adrenal medulla
Term
What are the fight or flight hormones?
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Term
epinephrine
Definition
adrenaline
Term
norepinephrine
Definition
noradrenaline
Term
What do adrenaline and noradrenaline increase?
Definition
cardiac activity, good pressure, glycogen breakdown, blood glucose levels, and release lipids by adipose tissue
Term
What does the fight or flight mechanism do?
Definition
prepares the body for life threatening situations
Term
What is administered directly to the heart in arrest?
Definition
epinephrine
Term
What contains neurons, neuroglia, and secretory cells that synthesize and secrete the hormone melatonin from the neurotransmitter soreness?
Definition
pineal gland
Term
nerve cells
Definition
neurons
Term
nourish, protect, and support nerve cells
Definition
neuroglia
Term
What may play a role in timing of human sexual maturation, it is a very effective antioxidant that many protect CNS neurons from free radicals like NO an H2O2?
Definition
melatonin
Term
What does melatonin help set?
Definition
circadian rhythms
Term
What are circadian rhythms?
Definition
day night patters
Term
What may increased melatonin secreted in darkness cause?
Definition
seasonal affective disorder
Term
What is seasonal affective disorder?
Definition
change in mood, eating, sleeping in winter with sunlight
Term
Where is the pancreas?
Definition
between stomach and small intestine
Term
What is called the islets of Langerhans?
Definition
endocrine part
Term
What are the islets?
Definition
alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, F cells
Term
glucagon
Definition
alpha cells
Term
insulin
Definition
beta cells
Term
GH IH
Definition
delta cells
Term
pancreatic polypeptide
Definition
F cells
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