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Test 5
second pg of notes
11
Anatomy
11th Grade
02/24/2016

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Cards

Term
What kind of hormones remain in circulation a long time because most are attached to special transport proteins?
Definition
thyroid and steroid hormones
Term
Which hormones cannot affect the target cell directly because they are on the membrane, so they activate molecules in cells?
Definition
catecholamines, peptide hormones, eicosanoids
Term
The hormones act as the first messenger and leads to appearance of the second messenger to change what?
Definition
the rates of metabolic reactions
Term
What are the most important second messengers?
Definition
cycilic AMP (cAMP), cycilic GMP (cGMP), and calcium ions
Term
appearance of numerous second messengers in a cell that magnifies the effect of a hormone on the target cell
Definition
amplification
Term
What causes cells to become less sensitive to a hormone because levels of that hormone are high?
Definition
down regulation
Term
What causes cells to become sensitive to the hormone because the hormone levels are low?
Definition
up regulation
Term
Steroid hormones diffuse across the phospholipid cell membrane and binds to what in the cytoplasm or nucleus and then activate or deactivate specific genes and these hormones can alter the rate of DNA transcription in nucleus and change the patter of protein synthesis?
Definition
recptors
Term
What hormones does the hypothalamus secrete?
Definition
releasing or inhibiting hormones
Term
What cases the pancreas to increase secretions of the hormone insulin to allow absorption and utilization of glucose?
Definition
blood glucose levels rise
Term
As insulin levels increase, what declines, so the stimulation of insulin-secreting cells is reduced? (Negative feedback)
Definition
glucose levels decline
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