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Test 4
fifth pg of notes
32
Anatomy
11th Grade
02/17/2016

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Term
At peak level of activity, how much of the ATP needed for mitochondria's own use can it produce?
Definition
about 1/3
Term
Since glycolysis produces more pyretic acid than the mitochondria can use, what is it converted to?
Definition
lactic acid
Term
What does lactic acid cause?
Definition
cramps
Term
red pigment in muscle fibers that bind to and carry oxygen
Definition
myoglobin
Term
enlargement of a stimulated muscle (muscles of bodybuilders)
Definition
hypertrophy
Term
reduction in muscle size, tone, and power when skeletal muscles are not regularly stimulated by a motor neuron so they turn flaccid
Definition
atrophy
Term
virus attacks motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain causing muscular paralysis and atrophy
Definition
polio
Term
What are the rings of smooth muscle that regulate the movement of material along internal passageways called?
Definition
sphincter muscles
Term
What is a rigid structure that moves on a fixed point called the fulcrum
Definition
lever
Term
What is an example of first class lever?
Definition
see saw
Term
lever where the fulcrum lies between the applied force and the resistance
Definition
first class lever
Term
lever where resistance is located between the applied force and the fulcrum
Definition
second class lever
Term
example of a second class lever
Definition
loaded wheelbarrow
Term
lever where a force is applied between the resistance and the fulcrum
Definition
third class levers
Term
most common lever in body
Definition
3rd
Term
What is and sample of a third class lever?
Definition
biceps brachil muscle that flexes the elbow
Term
place where the fixed end of the muscle attaches to a bone, cartilage, or connective tissue
Definition
origin
Term
site where the movable end of the muscle attaches to another structure
Definition
insertion
Term
How close is the origin typically to the insertion?
Definition
proximal
Term
proximal
Definition
closer to body
Term
chew-mix food with saliva
Definition
mastication
Term
muscle that compresses cheeks (chew, infants suckling)
Definition
buccinator
Term
compresses and purses lips (kiss)
Definition
orbicularis oris
Term
retracts and elevates corner of mouth/upper lip
Definition
zygomaticus
Term
wrinkles brow
Definition
corrugator
Term
closes eye
Definition
orbicularis
Term
strongest jaw muscle; elevates mandible and closes the jaw
Definition
masseter muscle
Term
flex the neck, bends head toward shoulder, turns face to opposite side
Definition
sternocleidomastoid
Term
organ protrudes through an abdominal opening
Definition
hernia
Term
typically occurs in males at the site where blood vessels, nerves, and reproductive ducts pass through abdominal wall to reach testes (forces a portion of intestine not the pocket create)
Definition
iniguinal hernia
Term
What can lead to intestinal blockage or tissue necrosis due to interruption of blood flow?
Definition
hernias
Term
group of muscles that collectively flex the knee, biceps femurs, semi membranous, and semitendinosus muscles
Definition
hamstring
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