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test 4
cerebrum
66
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
10/07/2011

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Term
Where is the primary somatosensory cortex?
Definition
Parietal Lobe
Term
Whre is the Somatosensory association area?
Definition
parietal lobe
Term
Where is the visual sensory area?
Definition
occipital lobe
Term
The Visual sensory area is surrounded by what?
Definition
visual association area
Term
Where is the auditory sensory area?
Definition
temporal lobe
Term
Where is the auditory association area?
Definition
temporal lob
Term
What sensory cortex givs you information about spacial discrimination?
Definition
Primary Somatosensory Cortex in the parietal lobe
Term
What sensory area tells you what you are seeing?
Definition
visual sensory area in occiptal lobe
Term
What sensory area tells you what an object is without seeing it, like telling the difference between a quarter and dime in your pocket?
Definition
somatosensory association area
Term
Which sensory area informs you how to interpret speech, such as tone of voice and speech patterns?
Definition
auditory association area
Term
What sensory area are you using when it is cloudy outsidem, you hear a loud bang and are able to tell it is thunder without seeing lightening?
Definition
auditory association area, takes past sound memories and associates it with present sounds
Term
Where is the olfaction cortex?
Definition
temporal lobe
Term
Where is the gustatory cortex?
Definition
parietal lobe (it is the sense of taste)
Term
What lobe is the prefrontal cortex in?
Definition
frontal lobe
Term
What is the most complicated cortical region?
Definition
prefrontal cortex
Term
personality, intelligence, judgement, reasoning, persistence, planning caring for others is in what association area?
Definition
prefrontal cortex
Term
What can tumors or lesions in the prefrontal cortex cause?
Definition
mental and personality disorders
Term
The general interpretive area is also known as what?
Definition
gnostic area
Term
From where does the general interpretive area receive input?
Definition
from all sensory association areas
Term
What is the storage site for complex memory patterns associated with sensation?
Definition
General interpretive area.
Term
What area of the brain are you using when you walk in the kitchen, smell something bad, and determine the potatoes have gone bad without seeing them?
Definition
general interpretive area
Term
Describe Broca's Aphasia
Definition
prevents a person from producing speech.

person can understand language

words are not properly formed.

speech is slow and slurred.
Term
Describe Wernicke's area.
Definition
loss of the ability to understand language
person can speak clearly, but the words that are put together make no sense. This way of speaking has been called "word salad" because it appears that the words are all mixed up like the vegetables in a salad.
Term
Where is the primary motor area and for what is it responsible?
Definition
frontal lobe-movement, voluntary, allows you to coordinate to move
Term
Where is the premotor cortex and for what is it responsible?
Definition
frontal lobe-repetitive movement, pattern movement like typing, tying shoes, piano playing, strengthens as you practice it
Term
Where is Broca's area?
Definition
frontal lobe, in the left hemisphere
Term
Where is the frontal eye field?
Definition
in the frontal lobe
Term
What does the frontal eye field control?
Definition
voluntary movement of the eyes
Term
Broca's area is also called
Definition
motor speech area
Term
What does the motor speech area do?
Definition
directs muscles of speech and also is active when we think about speaking, coordinates tongue & mouth movement
Term
In people's brains certain hemispheres have greater control over particular functions. What is this called?
Definition
lateralization of hemispheres
Term
Left brain has more control over
Definition
language abilities
mathematical abilities
logic
Term
Right side of the brain is more involved in
Definition
visual-spatial skills. Intuition, emotion and appreciation of art and music.
Term
__________ _________ _________ provides for communication between cerebral areas and between the cerebral cortex and lower centers
Definition
cerebral white matter
Term
White matter consists largely of what?
Definition
myelinated fibers bundled into large tracts
Term
Cerebral white matter commisures run in what direction?
Definition
side to side direction
Term
Cerebral white matter associations run in what direction?
Definition
front to back
Term
Cerebral white matter projections run in what direction?
Definition
upper to lower nervous system
Term
What are the three communication tracks of the cerebral white matter?
Definition
Commisures
Association fibers
Projection fibers
Term
What do commissures connect?
Definition
corresponding area of the two hemispheres allowing them to function as coordinated whole.
Term
What is the largest commissure?
Definition
corpus callosum
Term
What do association fibers do? Fibers run in what direction?
Definition
transmit impulses within a single hemisphere from front to back. Run horizontally
Term
What do projection fibers do? In what direction do they run?
Definition
Tie the cortex to the rest of the nervous system and to the effectors and receptors of the body. Run vertically.
Term
What part of the cerebral white matter produces dopamine?
Definition
basal nuclei
Term
What are the basal nuclei?
Definition
deep cerebral motor centers
Term
name three basal nuclei
Definition
caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus
Term
What forms the central core of the forebrain?
Definition
diencephalon
Term
What is the diencephalon composed of?
What does the diencephalon contain?
Definition
thalamus and hypothalamus

Optic tracts and optic chiasm
Infundibulum and posterior pituitary gland
Mamillary bodies
Pineal gland
Term
How is the pituitary gland attached to the hypothalmus?
Definition
by the infundibulum between the optic chiasm and mammillary bodies
Term
__________ is the main visceral control center that is responsible for homeostasis.
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
__________ is the main visceral control center that is responsible for homeostasis.
Definition
Hypothalamus
Term
The _______ makes up 80% of the diencephalon.
Definition
thalamus
Term
The thalamus is composed of
Definition
bilateral masses of gray matter
Term
Afferent impulses from what enter the thalamus.
Definition
all senses and all parts of the body
Term
This part of the brain can be thought of as an editor.
Definition
thalamus, it edites information from sensory areas -get a sensation if something is pleasant vs. unpleasant, like hot shower vs. boiling water, from memories
Term
The hypothalamus is the major control center of the ________ and __________ ______ systems
Definition
endocrine and autonomic nervous system
Term
The _______ is the autonomic control center.
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
What are the three main homeostatic roles of the hypothalamus?
Definition
Control autonomic centers in brain & spine

center for emotional response and behavior

Body temperature regulation

Regulation of water balance and thirst

Regulation of sleep/wake cycles
Term
The _____ ______ secretes melatonin and plays a role in the circadian rhythm.
Definition
pineal gland
Term
Autonomic centers in brain and spinal cord do what?
Definition
influence blood pressure
rate and force of heart contractions
motility of the digestive tract
respiratory rate
Term
The center for emotional response and behavior is involved with what?
Definition
perception of pain, pleasure, fear, and rage
Term
What does body temperature regulation do?
Definition
monitors the temperature of the blood and initiates cooling or heat retention mechanisms-sweating, shivering
Term
What does regulation of water balance & thirst do?
Definition
"how much you urinate"
concentrated body fluids-> hypothalamic neurons->pituitary->antidiuretic hormone->kidney's retain water
Term
What does regulation of sleep/wake cycles do?
Definition
sets the timing of sleep cycle in response to daylight-darkness cues received from visual pathways
Term
What system connects the to parts of the thalamus, hypothalamus, and basal nuclei?
Definition
limbic system, connecting thinking part of brain to regulation system, why you have psychosomatic illness
Term
What system dictates strong emotional responses?
Definition
Limbic system
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