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Test 3
Skeletal System
108
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
10/20/2008

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Term
Functions of Bone
Definition
1. Protection: heart, lungs, brain, spinal cord
2. Support: forms endoskeleton
3. Movement: bones act as levers for your muscles
4. Storage of inorganic salts: hydroxyapaties; mineral deposits, calcium and phosphorus
5. Hematopoiesis: making blood
Term
Long Bones
Definition
Length longer than width
Ex. bones in arms and legs
Term
Short Bones
Definition
Length and width are the same
Ex. Carpals (wrists)
Term
Flat Bones
Definition
Sternum, ribs, certain cranial bones, scapula
Term
Irregular Bones
Definition
Vertebra and certain facial bones
Term
Wormian
Definition
(Sutural)
tiny bone chips found along sutures
Term
Sesamoid
Definition
(round)
knee cap
Term
Diaphysis
Definition
shaft of a bone
Term
Epiphysis
-Proximal and Distal)
Definition
Ends of bones
Term
Compact bone
Definition
few spaces; makes up diaphysis
Term
Medullary Cavity
Definition
Hollow cavity in the diaphysis of the bone
--filled with yellow marrow
Term
Endosteum
Definition
inner layer of cells; lines medullary cavity
Term
Periosteum
Definition
DFCT - covers diaphysis
Term
Articular Cartilage
Definition
thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers epiphysis
Term
Spongy Bone
Definition
(Cancellous)
lots of holes and makes up epiphysis
Term
Nutrient Artery
Definition
Supplies diaphysis
Term
Epiphyseal Artery
Definition
Supplies epiphysis
Term
Types of cells
Definition
1. Osteoblasts: builds up bone tissue
2. Osteocytes: mature bone cell
3. Osteoclasts: breaks down bone tissue
Term
Matrix or ground substance
Definition
matrix is solid (lamella) calcium and phosphorus compounds
Term
Periosteum
Definition
DFCT -- Covers diaphysis
Term
Volkmann's canals
Definition
connects periostem to medullary cavity
Term
Haversian Canal
Definition
Contains arteries, veins and nerves
Term
Lamella
Definition
Matrix of bone
-Solid
Term
Canaliculi
Definition
Connects central canal to osteocytes
Term
Lacuna
Definition
Space around osteocyte
Term
Structure of spongy (Cancellous) bone
Definition
holes found in epiphysis
-Red bone marrow
-makes blood cells
Term
Growth of long bones
Definition
Length- can only grow at growth plate
(Epiphyseal Plate)
Width- Increase Size of Medullary Cavity
(increase compact bone
around it)
Term
Growth Hormone
Definition
Made by pituitary gland
-targets epiphyseal plate
Term
Hypersecretion in childhood
Definition
*Giantism
-too tall
Term
Hypersecretion in adulthood
Definition
thickening at ends
-hands, feet, jaw, forehead effected
-Acromegaly
Term
Hyposecretion in childhood
Definition
pituitary dwarfism
Term
Hyposecretion in childhood
Definition
pituitary dwarfism
Term
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormones in infancy
Definition
cretinism- dwarf and mentally disabled
Term
estrogen and testosterone
Definition
affects puberty
-closing epiphyseal plate
Term
Vitamins that aid in bone growth
Definition
Aids in absorption of calcium into blood stream
Vitamins: C,D,A,B12 (hematopoiesis: makes blood cells in bone marrow)
Term
Minerals that aid in bone growth
Definition
calcium, phosphorus, magneisium
Term
Bone Repair
Definition
Steps:
1. Hematoma Formation: Formation of blood clot
2. Fibrocarilaginous Callus Formation: forms soft mass of repair tissue
3. Bony Callus Formation: forms hard mass of bone tissue
4. Bone Remodeling: Bone Remondeling
Term
Osteomalacia and Rickets
Definition
lack of vitamin D - bones become soft and fragile
Osteomalacia: Adults
Rickets: Children
Term
Trochanter
Definition
large projection (something sticking out) on the femur
Term
Tubercle
Definition
small round process
Term
Line
Definition
less prominent ridge
Term
Epicondyle
Definition
A prominence above condyle
Term
Tuberosity
Definition
large rough process
Term
Crest
Definition
More prominent ridge
Term
Spine
Definition
Sharp Slender Process
Term
Head
Definition
round projection above a neck of a bone
Term
ramus
Definition
bar like projection
Term
Facet
Definition
Smooth flat surface
Term
Condyle
Definition
Knuckle like projection
Term
Foramen
Definition
hole in bone --- big or little
Term
fossa
Definition
depression
Term
meatus
Definition
tunnel -- worm like tunnel (Q-tip)
Term
Fissure
Definition
split in bone
Term
Sulcus
Definition
Groove
Term
Wormian (Sutural) bones
Definition
tiny bone clusters along line in skull
Term
Sesamoid (round) bones
Definition
patella (knee cap)
Term
Total Bones in Body
Definition
206 bones
Term
Axial Skeleton
Definition
80 bones -- head neck trunk and thoracic
Term
Cranial
Definition
8 bones
Term
Facial
Definition
14 bones
Term
Hyoid
Definition
1 bone -- doesn't touch any other bone
Term
Ear Ossicles
Definition
6 Bones -- smallest bones in body
Term
Vertebral Column
Definition
26 bones
Term
bony thorax (1 Sternum and 24 ribs)
Definition
25 bones
Term
Appendicular Skeleton
Definition
126 Bones -- arms, legs, shoulders and hips
Term
Pectoral(shoulder) Girdle
Definition
Scapulae - 2 bones
Clavicle - 2 bones
Term
Upper Extremity
Definition
Humerus - 2 bones
Radius - 2 bones
Ulna - 2 bones
Carpals - 8 bones per wrist, 16 total
Metacarpals - 5 bones per hand, 10 total
Phalanges - 14 bones per hand, 28 total
Term
Pelvic (hip) Girdle
Definition
Coxal - 2 bones
Term
Lower Extremity
Definition
Femur - 2 bones
Tibia - 2 bones
Fibula - 2 bones
Patella - 2 bones
Tarsals - 7 bones per ankle, 14 total
Metatarsals - 5 bones per foot, 10 total
Phalanges - 14 bones
Term
Location of Cranial Sutures
Definition
immovable joints (found between cranial bones)
Term
Coronal
Definition
Between frontal and parietal bones
Term
Sagittal
Definition
Between parietal bones
Term
Lambdoidal
Definition
Between parietal and occipital bones
Term
Squamosal
Definition
(Squamous) between parietal and temporal
Term
Frontanel
Definition
Definition: 1. soft spots on babies head 2. membrane filled spaces on an infants head where cranial bones haven't fused together yet.
Function: 1. allows brain to expand
2. allows head to compress during child birth 3. helps determine babies position before birth
Term
Frontal
Definition
forms forehead
-front floor of cranium
-has sinuses
Term
Supraorbital Foramen
Definition
hole above eye
Term
Supraorbital Margin
Definition
Eyebrows
Term
Frontal Squama
Definition
forehead
Term
Parietal
Definition
2 bones
-forms superior and lateral walls of the skull
Term
Sphenoid
Definition
-butterfly shaped
-touches all cranial bones
Term
Sella Tucica
Definition
-located in Spenoid Bone
-turkish saddle
-holds the pituitary gland
Term
Optic Foramen
Definition
optic nerve passes through
Term
Temporal
Definition
2 bones
Term
External Auditory Meatus
Definition
The foramen for the ear -- Q-tip
Term
Mastoid Process
Definition
Bump behind ears
Term
Styloid Process
Definition
Sharp and Pointy
Term
Zygomatic Process
Definition
Temporal to Zygomatic
--located on the temporal bones
Term
madibular Process
Definition
helps for TMJ
Term
Temporal Squama
Definition
Above ears
Term
Petrous Portion
Definition
Bumpy
Term
Ethmoid
Definition
"E" bone
meninges connect here
Term
Crista Galli
Definition
Cocks Comb
Term
Crista Galli
Definition
Cocks Comb
Term
Cribriform plate
Definition
holes to detect smell
Term
Perpendicular Plate
Definition
Forms top of nasal septum
Term
Occipital
Definition
bone in back of head
Term
Foramen Magnum
Definition
Hole
Term
Occipital Condyles
Definition
Attaches with Atlas
Term
Facial Bone
Definition
14 in all
Mandible and Vomer aren't paired
Term
Nasal
Definition
2 bones
-forms bridge of nose
-do not contain sinuses
Term
Maxillae (Maxillary)
Definition
2 upper jaw bones
Term
Infraorbital Foramen
Definition
holes below eyes
Term
Alveolar Process
Definition
Alveolar Margin

-near teeth
Term
Palatine Process
Definition
form front 3/4 of hard palate
Term
Inferior Orbital Fissure
Definition
Bottom Slit
Term
Lacrimal
Definition
-Tear
Smallest facial bone
Term
Zygomatic
Definition
2 cheek bones
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