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Test 3
fourth pg of notes
22
Anatomy
11th Grade
01/30/2016

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Cards

Term
When can the bone no longer grow in length?
Definition
when the epiphyseal plate completely ossifies
Term
What occurs in flat bones like those of the skull, mandible, and clavicle?
Definition
intramembranous ossification
Term
What is highly vascular?
Definition
osseous tissue
Term
What takes blood in and out of the bone?
Definition
blood vessels
Term
What makes bone injuries painful?
Definition
sensory nerves
Term
What may be incorporated into the matrix of bone because of the similarity to calcium?
Definition
radioactive uranium or plutonium
Term
What did the compounds deposited into the bones of exposed individuals in the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear reactor meltdown lead to?
Definition
leukemia and other forms of cancer
Term
What is required for collagen synthesis and stimulates osteoblast differentiation?
Definition
Vitamin C
Term
What is differentiation?
Definition
specialized cell
Term
major structural protein
Definition
collagen
Term
deficiency of vitamin C, loss of bone mass and strength
Definition
scurvy
Term
What is necessary in children for osteoblast activities?
Definition
vitamin A
Term
What vitamins are used for the synthesis of proteins in normal bones?
Definition
K and B12
Term
What stimulates bone growth?
Definition
growth hormones from the pituitary gland
Term
What help maintain homeostatic activity for calcium and phosphate levels in body?
Definition
thyroxine from the thyroid gland and parathyroid hormone from the parathyroid glands
Term
excessive growth hormones after epiphyseal disks have ossified causing excess bone production in face, hands, back, etc;
Definition
acromegaly
Term
a large blood clot that forms from a fracture of the bone that closes off the injured vessels and can kill osteocytes around the fracture
Definition
fracture hematoma
Term
thinner and weaker bones due to aging
Definition
osteopenia
Term
What percentage of their skeletal mass do women lose every decade when it begins?
Definition
8%
Term
What percentage of their skeletal mass do men lose every decade when it begins?
Definition
3%
Term
when the reduction i bone mass is sufficient to compromise normal function (bones are much easier to break)
Definition
osteoporosis
Term
Why does osteoporosis occur more often in women?
Definition
decreased estrogens after menopause
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