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Test 3 nervous tissue lecture 1
structure/homeostasis
57
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
10/21/2009

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Term
What 2 systems maintain homeostasis?
Definition
endocrine and nervous system
Term
How does the nervous system maintain homeostasis?
Definition
responds with reapid nerve impulses, and regulationg body activities
Term
How does the endocrine system maintain homeostasis?
Definition
regulate body activities and respond in a slow manner by releasing hormones
Term
The study of normal functioning and disorders of the nervous system
Definition
neurology
Term
The physician who specializes in the diagnosis of the nervous system is
Definition
neurologist
Term
the smallest organ system is
Definition
the nervous system
Term
the most complex of the 11 body system is
Definition
the nervous system
Term
how many pairs of of cranial nerves?
Definition
12 pairs that emerge from the base of skull numbered 1-12
Term
a nerve of the nervous system is?
Definition
bundle of 100-1000 of axons + conn tissue and bl vessels outsid of the brain and spinal cord
Term
what is the tract?
Definition
a bundl of axons in the CNS
Term
what is the function of the spinal cord
Definition
connects the brain through the foramen magnum, protected by the vertebral column, 100 million neurons
Term
the function of the ganglia is?
Definition
sm masses of ner tiss, neuron cell bodies, located outside of brain and spinal cord,
Term
what structure is closely associated with cranial and spinal nerves?
Definition
ganglia
Term
what is an enteric plexuses?
Definition
a network of neurons in the walls of the gi tract, help regulate the digestive system
Term
what help regulate the digestive system
Definition
enteric plexuses
Term
what is a sensory receptors?
Definition
they are the dendrites of sensory neurons as well as separate specialized cells that monitor changes in the interal and external environment
Term
name 3 broad functions of the nerovus system
Definition
sensory function, integrative function, motor function
Term
explain sensory function
Definition
senses changes in the internal and external environment
Term
explain integrative function
Definition
ANALYZES AND STORES SENSORY INFORMATION
Term
explain motor funcction
Definition
repsonds to stimuli with muscle contractions and or gland secretions
Term
2 subdivisions of the nervous systems
Definition
cns, and peripheral system
Term
what does the cns consist of ?
Definition
brain and spinal cord
Term
what does the peripheral syst consist of
Definition
somatic nerv and autonomic, and enteric nervous system
Term
what does the peripheral syst consist of
Definition
the peripheral system (the main subdivision in the nervous system) consist of.. cranial nerves and thier branches, spinal nerves and thier branches, gangliea, peripherl nerves, sensory receptors
Term
The somatic nervous system .. describe
Definition
is a sub division of the PNS (subdivision of the pns) has both sensory and motor components, voluntary, somatic sens neurons
Term
how does the somatic nervous system convey information?
Definition
from somatic receptors in head, body wall, and limbs, and from receptors in the special senses to the cns, & it is afferent
Term
What type of neurons does the somaticc nervous system consist of?
Definition
motor neurons
Term
The automomic nervous system, has 2 components? which?
Definition
sensory and motor components
Term
The autonomic NS (subdivision of the CNS-main division of the ns) describe the sensory component
Definition
afferent, sensory neurons convey info from auto sens receptors (interoceptors) in vesceral organs to the CNS ( visceral organs-stomach or lungs)
Term
Describe the motor component of the Autonomic nervous system
Definition
motor neurons conduct nervv impulses from cns to effectors ( smooth, cardiac-muscles, glands) efferent, involuntary,
Term
Name the 2 branches of the motor component of the autonomic nervos system
Definition
sympathetic division, parasympathetic-- the 2 divisions have opposing action, effectors are usually innervated by both divisions
Term
Sympathetic division is responsible for what 'action'
Definition
flight or fight
Term
the fight or flight is created by what division?? and works how
Definition
sympathetic div, expends energy speeds up the heart rate
Term
which is the rest and restore division
Definition
parasympathetic division, involved in conserving energy, returns body to normal
Term
The enteric nervous system has what 2 components?
Definition
sensory and motor components
Term
what do the sensory neurons in the ENS monitor
Definition
chemical changes within the GI tract, stretching of the walls of the GI tract
Term
Enteric motor neurons in ENS bovern the contraction and secretion?
Definition
contraction of GI tract smooth muscle, Secretion of GI tract organs, the secretion of HCL from stomach
Term
What nervous system 'division' governs the activity of the endocrine cells
Definition
the activity of GI tract endocrine cells, or secretion of the hormones is done by the enteric nervous system
Term
nervous tissue consists of 2 types of cells?
Definition
neurons and neuroglia
Term
what do the neurons prove in the nervous system
Definition
sensing, thinking, regulating of glandular secretions, muscle activity
Term
What can produce action potentials or nerve impulses in response to stimuli?
Definition
neurons, they are elctrically excitable, changes in the environment are strong enough to initiate action potential
Term
What is the 'action potential" nerve impulse?
Definition
electrical signal that propagates along the surface of the membrane of a neuron, due to the movement of ions across the plasma membrane
Term
name the parts of a neuron
Definition
cell body, nissl bodies, dendrites, axon, axon hillock, axon collaterals, axoplasm, axolemma, axon terminal, synaptic vesicles
Term
name 2 classifications of neurons
Definition
structural and functional classification
Term
define a structual classification of a neuron
Definition
multipolar neuron, bipolar neuron, unipolar neuron
Term
define a functional classification
Definition
afferent or sensory neurons, efferent or motor neurons, interneurons
Term
what is an interneuron?
Definition
connect afferent neurons to efferent neurons
Term
neuroglia (glia) purpose?
Definition
produce and maintain cerebral spinal fluid, can multiply and divide in mature nervous tissue
Term
4 type of neuralgia occur in the cns
Definition
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells
Term
2 type of neuralgia occur in pns
Definition
schwann cells and satellite
Term
neuralgia of the cns, purpose?
Definition
maintain chemical environment, generation of impulses nutrients to neurons, excess neurotransmitters (astrocytes
Term
astrocytes assist with?
Definition
CNS-neuroglia, assist with the migration of neurons during brain development * form blood brain barrier
Term
What does the oligodendroctes do?
Definition
forma supporting network around the cns neurons, produce themyelin sheath around axons of cns neurons
Term
microglia
Definition
protect cns cells from disease by engulfing microbes, migrate to areas of injured nerve tissue where they clear away debris of dead cells
Term
what is the purpose of ependymal cells
Definition
ciliated epithelial cells, line the ventricles of the brain and central canal of the spinal cord
Term
what cells form the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Definition
ependymal cells
Term
what is the purpose of schwann cells?
Definition
encircle pns axons (flattend cells) produce part of the myelin sheath, part of regeneration of pns axons
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