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Test 3 Materials
upper extremity
76
Anatomy
Graduate
03/25/2009

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Term
thenar eminence
Definition
cone of muscles at the base of thumb
Term
hypothenar eminence
Definition
cone of muscles at the base of little finger
Term
cephalic vein
Definition
drains lateral portion of forearm and upper arm into axillary vein
Term
basilic vein
Definition
drains medial portion of forearm and upper arm into axillary vein
Term
median cubital vein
Definition
connects basilic and cephalic veins in the cubital fossa, common venipunture site
Term
what effect does rigorous exercise have on the veins of the arm?
Definition
deep veins are compressed shunting venous blood into the superficial veins making them appear distended
Term
spinal level innervating top of shoulder
Definition
c4 - four/shoulder
Term
spinal level innerv. lateral upper arm and forearm
Definition
C5, five on the outside
Term
spinal innerv of thumb
Definition
C6 , taking care of dcks
Term
sp. level innerv middle finger
Definition
c7, u r not going to heaven
Term
sp. level innerv. medial finger (ring/little)
Definition
c8, getting married great
Term
sp level innerv medial arm
Definition
T1, under the gun
Term
______ root - innervates extensors/flexors of arm and shoulders
Definition
ventral
Term
type of muscles (think embryology) of the arm and shoulder (flex/ext)
Definition
hypaxial
Term
3 trunks of brachial plexus and their spinal source
Definition
superior trunk - c5 and c6,
middle trunk - c7,
inferior trunk - c8 and t1
Term
5 major nerves of brachial plexus and their spinal influences
Definition
musculocutaneus, axillary, radial, median and ulnar
Term
radial nerve
Definition
c5-c8 and t1 , controls extensor muscles of wrist and hand (posterior compartment), sensory input from dorsal/radial aspect of arm/forearm and hand, radial aspect of hand and medial 2/3s of first 3 fingers on dorsal side(thumb - middle finger), damage can result in wrist drop
Term
median nerve
Definition
c5-c8 and t1, innervates wrist and finger flexors, forearm pronaters, semspry input from 3 first fingers of palmer aspect of hand, and dorsally the tips of those same fingers
Term
dermatome levels for UE
Definition
C4-C8 and T1
Term
intermuscular septa
Definition
areas between muscles of UE where nerves run along to avoid compression
Term
intertubercular (bicipital groove)
Definition
groove running along the superior/anterior aspect of humerus between the greater and lesser tubercles and is where the tendon for the long head of biceps brachi sits
Term
clavicle fxs
Definition
most common is middle 1/3 and the medial segment is superiorally displaced by pull of SCM m

distal 1/3 - type I no ligaments involved, type II corticoclavicular lig, type III fx through AC joint
Term
nerve that may be damaged w/ mid shaft humerus fx and what is the effect
Definition
radial nerve, wrist drop
Term
fx of surg neck of humerus can effect which nerve and effect which motion
Definition
axillary and abduction
Term
trapezius m
Definition
superficial muscle that goes betwenn spine and scapula, scapular motion, innervated by XI (accessory)
Term
levator scapulae
Definition
elevates scap, runs from base of skull to superior aspect of scapula
Term
rhomboids
Definition
brace scap, lower raised arm (woodsman) spine to medial scap
Term
pectoralis minor
Definition
ribs to coracoid of scap, stabilizes scap when reaching for something and protracts it
Term
subclavius m
Definition
restrains excessive elevation of clav and can prtoect subclavian vessel if clv fx
Term
serrateus anterior
Definition
strong protracter of scapula, keeps it against the chest, goes from ribs anterioly to the medial aspect of scap
Term
scapular winging
Definition
damage to the long thoracic nerve results in paralysis of serrateus ant which allows the scapula to retract
Term
supraspinatous
Definition
rotator cuff m, abducts the arm, superior/post aspect of shoulder
Term
infraspinatous
Definition
rotator cuff muscle, attaches to the greater tubercle of humerus, ext rotation of arm
Term
teres minor
Definition
ataches to greater tubercle of humerus, external rotation
Term
subscapularis
Definition
rot cuff m, anterior surface of scapula to lesser tubercle of humerus, internal rotation
Term
shoulder dislocations
Definition
95% occur anterioroly, most with the humerus resting under the corochoid process (subcoracoid), subglenoid is below the joint and subclavicular is rare with the head resting against the botton of the clavicle and against the ribs - axillary nerve (common) and musculocutaneous nerves can be injured with sho dislcoations
Term
pectoralis major
Definition
binds humerus to rib cage, primary flexor of arm while adducting and rotating internally
Term
latissimus dorsi
Definition
antagonistic to pec majpor, a powerful extensor while adducting and medially rotating
Term
principal abductor of the arm at shoulder
Definition
deltoid
Term
similar actions to latissimus dorsi
Definition
teres major
Term
order of major arterial flow to arm
(what landmark indicates name change axillary-brachial)
Definition
subclavian - axillary - brachial
teres major m
Term
deep brachial artery
Definition
supplies triceps brachii m
Term
Volkmann ischemic cointracture
Definition
damage to the brachial artery can cause ischemic damage to forearm and hand muscels
Term
thoracic outlet syndrome
Definition
compression on brachial plexus or on vessels of the upper arm
Term
median antecubital vein
Definition
site for venipunct connection between basilar and cephalic veins
Term
musculocutaneus nerve
Definition
c5,c6,c7, comes off lateral cord, innervates muscles of the ant compartment of upper arm (flexors- biceps brachi, brachialis, coracobrachialis
Term
axillary nerve
Definition
division of posterior cord, c5 and c6, deltoid and teres minor
Term
radial nerve
Definition
posterior cord, c5-t1, extensors of forearm, brachioradialis, triceps brachi
Term
median nerve
Definition
c5-t1, lateral and median cords, most flexors of the forearm and pronators, LOAF - 1st 2 lumbricals, index and middle fingers, thumb opposition, abduction and flexion
Term
ulnar n
Definition
c7-t1, medial cord, Flexor carpi ulnaris, hypothenar eminance
Flexor digitorum profundus (medial half)
In the hand, via the deep branch of ulnar nerve:
hypothenar muscles
Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Adductor pollicis
The third and fourth lumbrical muscles
Dorsal interossei
Palmar interossei
In the hand, via the superficial branch of ulnar nerve:
Palmaris brevis
Term
LOAF
Definition
median nerve distribution - 1st 2 Lumbricals, thumb Opposition,ABduction and Flexion
Term
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Definition
compression of medial nerve in carpal tunnel fromed by carpals and flexor reticunalum - thumb and thenar eminance effects
Term
claw hand
Definition
results from ulnar nerve compression
Term
Erb-Duchenne palsy
Definition
nerve roots c5-c7 damaged (usually during neck stretching during childbirth)
suprascapular n - no supraspinatous or infraspinatous m fct
musculocutaneous - no brachial biceps fct
no axillary n - no deltoid
Term
Klumke palsy
Definition
effects ulnar nerve
Term
capitulum
Definition
lateral condyloid surface of humerus
Term
trochlea
Definition
bit more pulley-like, medial condyloid surface of distal humerus
Term
annular ligament
Definition
holds radial head against ulnar notch, can be torn with pull on outstretched arm of child
Term
lateral epicondyle of elbow
Definition
attachment for extensor m of forearm
Term
medial epicondyle of elbow
Definition
flexor attachment
Term
tennis elbow
Definition
lateral epichonilitis (strain on tendons)
Term
elbow dislocations
Definition
posterior
Term
styloid process
Definition
lateral edge of distal radius and medial edge of distal ulna
Term
colles fx
Definition
fx of distal radius, dinner fork appearance, fall on outstrecthed hand
Term
carpals
Definition
Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetum, Pisiformis, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate
Term
anatomic snuffbox
Definition
extensor pollicus longus, abductor pollicus longus and extensor pollicus brevus
Term
lumbricals
Definition
dorsal aspect of hand, 4 on each hand, originate from tendon of flex dig prof, allow MCP flexion while maintaining extension at interphalangial joints
Term
interossei
Definition
ulnar innervation, adduct (hail hitler) and abduct (vulcan hello) the fingers
Term
PAD
Definition
palmer interossei - adduct
Term
DAB
Definition
dorsal interossei abduct
Term
flexor digitorum profundis
Definition
attaches to base of distal phalanges, flexes the DIP joint
Term
flexor digitorium superficialis
Definition
attach to base of middle phalanges, flexes the PIP joint
Term
mallet finger
Definition
direct blow on extended distal phalanx, disrupting/injuring extensor tendon and resulting in finger drop
Term
boutonniers deformity
Definition
tearing of the central portion of the extensor tendon allows the lateral bands to slip inferiorly over the PIP joint leaving the PIP flexed and the DIP extended
Term
gamekeepers thumb
Definition
fall on outstretched thumb can tear the ulnar (medial) collateral lig and leave the MCP joint unstable
Term
RA in hand
Definition
ulnar deviation of fingers
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