Term
| Sickle Cell Disease/Anemia |
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Definition
| Genetic disease where one of the amino acids is missing. This causes the hemoglobin to become sharp and spiky. This makes the red blood cells get less oxygen, rupture more easily, and could block blood vessels |
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Term
| Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carriers |
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Definition
| Lab made oxygen carriers. They have a long shelf life, very small so they can get past tiny and/or partially blocked blood vessels. They don't contain marker molecules so there is no risk of an immune reaction. |
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Term
| Recombinant (Synthetic) Erythropoietin |
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Definition
| Therapy for anemics to increase the red blood cells which will result in a higher oxygen intake. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs from the buildup of bilirubin. Skin and sclera in the eyes turn yellow due to buildup in the blood circulation and interstitial spaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phototherapy aka light exposure |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood carrying oxygen is too low to support normal metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficient intake/absorption of iron or excessive iron loss |
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Term
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Definition
| Deficient intake/absorption of iron or lack of intrinsic factor (IF is needed for the absorption of Vitamin B12) |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood loss from trauma, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Red Blood Cells lyse(rupture) prematurely. Usually from inherited defects, snake venom, parasites, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathology of the red bone marrow that prevents the formation of new blood cells |
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Term
| Which blood cells does Aplastic Anemia affect? |
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Definition
| Red and White blood cells and Platelets |
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Term
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Definition
| A person injects more red blood cells into their body. With more red blood cells, their oxygen intake increases. Cellular Respiration requires oxygen to create ATP. This ultimately results in having more energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lower than normal white blood cell count due to depression/destruction of the red bone marrow. Usually less than 5000 per nanometer |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally high white blood cell count. Usually due to leukemia. Count is usually more than 10,000 per nanometer |
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Term
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Definition
| Malignant cancer of the red bone marrow. This creates an increase in abnormal white blood cells and reduction in red blood cell and platelet count. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leukemia that starts from the hemopoietic stem cell (earliest stage of blood cell formation). |
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Term
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Definition
| Leukemia that starts from a later stage of white blood cell formation(Hematopiesis). |
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Term
| How many different kinds of Leukemia exist and what are they? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Blood Doping result in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some possible treatments for Leukemia |
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Definition
- Radiation
- Chemotherapy
- Bone Marrow Transplants
- Umbilical Cord Blood Transplant(rich in stem cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| Group of cancers where masses of malignant T and/or B lymphocytes accumulate in the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and other tissues. |
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Term
| How many kinds of Lymphoma are there and what are they? |
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Definition
| Hodgkin's and Non-Hodgkin's. |
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Term
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Definition
| Common contagious illness caused by the Epstein Barr virus. |
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Term
| What is the famous name for Infectious Mononucleosis? |
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Definition
| The Kissing Disease or Mono. |
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Term
| What is the main symptom of Infectious Mononucleosis? |
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Definition
| Increase in Lymphocytes. Not Monocytes like the name suggests. |
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Term
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Definition
| Components that prevent clot formation at non-injured areas by diluting coagulation factors. |
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Term
| Where would Anticoagulants not be effective and why wouldn't they be effective? |
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Definition
| Sites of injuries because there is a high concentration of coagulation factors there. |
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Term
| What is a popular Anticoagulant that can be easily purchased in just about any place? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| X-linked genetic disorder. Results in deficiencies in clotting factors. This causes abnormal to no blood clotting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Great reduction in the number of platelets. Usually results in chronic bleeding through small blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to synthesize(create) pro-coagulants, even if Vitamin K is present |
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Term
| What would a likely symptom be from Impaired Liver Function be? |
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Definition
| No formation of blood clotting. |
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Term
| Why would Vitamin K Deficiency be bad? |
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Definition
| Vitamin K is required for the production of 4 of the factors in the clotting process |
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Term
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Definition
| The condition in which a clot develops and persists on a wall of an undamaged blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blockage occurring in small vessels of the heart which could lead to a heart attack |
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Term
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Definition
| The actual blood clot attached to an undamaged blood vessel |
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Term
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Definition
| Detached blood clot flowing the blood circulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The condition in which an Embolus causes blockage in a vessel. |
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Term
| what could cause Thrombolytic Disease? |
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Definition
| Constant roughening o the blood vessel walls caused by vessel disease or inflammation (usually from burns or smoking). |
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Term
| What is another name for Thrombosis? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when incompatible bloods are mixed together. The antibodies of the recipient interact with the antigen molecules on the donor's cells resulting in agglutination or hemolysis. This leads to hemoglobin being released into the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurs when the mother's anti-RH antibodies in her blood crosses the placenta into her fetus's blood which will result in the fetus's red blood cells undergoing hemolysis |
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Term
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Definition
The spread of microbes and their toxins by the blood. Often occurs as a result of a medical procedure such as an IV tube.
Could lead to septic shock |
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Term
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Definition
| A widespread infection causing organ failure and dangerously low blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| A medication that contains antibodies that bind to Rh antigens on fetal cells that have entered the mother's blood. This inactivates the antigens so mom wont become sensitized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the Epicardium |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the Myocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the Endocardium |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased blood flow, generally caused by factors affecting blood vessels such as a blockage. |
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Term
| What does Ischemia produce? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Pain resulting from a reduction in blood supply to cardiac muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Vasodilator(drug that opens up the blood vessel) used to treat heart conditions. Usually administered sublingually (below the tongue) because the skin is thin and the drug can get into the blood vessels quickly |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiac cell death in a cardiac muscle (myocardium) with prolonged lack of blood supply. |
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Term
| What is another name for the Myocardial Infarction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to the damaged tissue from heart attacks? |
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Definition
| The damaged tissue is replaced by scar tissue. The scar tissue is not contractile because it has functional changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 or both cusps(flaps) from the Mitral Valve(Bicuspid Valve) bulge into the left atrium during ventricular Systole. This will allow some blood to leak back into the atrium and result in a decreased cardiac output |
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Term
| What might be the most common cardiac problem ? |
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Definition
| Mitral Valve Prolapse. About 5-25% of the population have it. Most common in women due to genetic disposition |
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Term
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Definition
| Irregular heart rhythm which leads to uncoordinated heart contractions |
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Term
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Definition
| A site other than the Sinoatrial(SA) node that becomes the pacemaker and sets up the impulse (Action Potential). This could result in extra irregular heart beats. |
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Term
| What are some popularly known Ectopic Pacemaker/Foci? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| High, rapid, irregular heart beats; Heart rate is above 100 beats per minute |
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Term
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Definition
| Heart rate is below 60 beats per minute |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Produces no symptoms or patient doesn't associate symptoms with a heart attack |
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Term
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Definition
| The heart cannot pump enough blood to oxygenate the body. This results in a decrease in the cardiac output. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumulation of fluid in the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| Another name for Congestive Heart Failure |
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Term
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Definition
| The diseased heart is removed and replaced by one from an immunocompatible donor. Immuno-suppression drugs must be taken to avoid rejection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanical pump that replaces the heart. It is experimental and temporary until the donor heart is found |
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Term
| Cardiac Assistance Device |
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Definition
| A temporary implanted device that assists the heart in pumping |
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Term
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Definition
| A medical procedure where a balloon is threaded through the aorta and into a blocked coronary artery and inflated. This will flatten the deposits against the vessel wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| A medical procedure where healthy segments of blood vessels are taken from other parts of the body and are used to bypass the occlusion and re-route the blood to the cardiac tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Special enzymes administered ASAP to people suffering from a heart attack. |
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Term
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Definition
| The narrowing of the valve in the large blood vessel that branches off the heart (aorta) |
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Term
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Definition
| A back flow of blood caused by failure of the heart's mitral (bicuspid) valve to close tightly. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition in which the heart valves are damaged from Rheumatic Fever. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inflammatory disease that involves the heart, joints, skin, and brain. The disease targets the heart which will damage the valves if the disease is not dealt with. |
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Term
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Definition
| Several Enzymes that are released when heart cells are damaged. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any disorder that affects the heart's ability to function normally |
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Term
| What machine is used during the procedure and what does it due? |
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Definition
| The surgeons stopped the patients heartbeat and use the Heart-Lung machine to run the patient's blood through the machine where it will exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
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Term
| What are Enzymatic Treatments used for? |
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Definition
| Used to break down blood clots that form in coronary arteries. |
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Term
| What are some risk factors that could lead to Heart Disease? |
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Definition
- High blood cholesterol
- High blood pressure
- Cigarette smoking
- Obesity
- Lack of Exercise
- Genetics
- Gender (male)
- Stress |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood that flows back from the Aorta due to bicuspid valve not closing properly. |
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