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Test 2
packet 1
221
Anatomy
Graduate
04/02/2015

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
hyperlordotic posture: joints involved (3)
Definition
lumbar spine, pelvis, hips
Term
hyperlordotic posture: possible cause: involves which muscle groups (3)
Definition
hip flexors, hip extensors, abdominals
Term
hyperlordotic posture: possible cause: hip flexor muscles are what
Definition
tightened/shortened
Term
hyperlordotic posture: possible cause: hip extensor muscles are what
Definition
weakened or elongated
Term
hyperlordotic posture: possible cause: abdominals are what
Definition
elongated or weakened
Term
hyperlordotic posture: adverse effects: what happens to the lumbar spine
Definition
increased lumbar lordosis
Term
hyperlordotic posture: adverse effects: what happens at the pelvis
Definition
anterior pelvic tilt
Term
hyperlordotic posture: adverse effects: what happens at the hips
Definition
hips assume a flexed position
Term
hyperlordotic posture: pathological conditions: there are increased _____ forces on lumbar vertebral bodies
Definition
shear
Term
hyperlordotic posture: pathological conditions: there are increased shear forces on what
Definition
lumbar vertebral bodies
Term
hyperlordotic posture: pathological conditions: there are increased shear forces on lumbar vertebral bodies secondary to what
Definition
psoas tightness
Term
hyperlordotic posture: pathological conditions: there is increased _____ forces on facet joint
Definition
compressive
Term
hyperlordotic posture: pathological conditions: there are increased compressive forces on what
Definition
facet joints
Term
hyperlordotic posture: pathological conditions: adaptive _______ of posterior lumbar spine ligaments and anterior hip ligaments
Definition
shortening
Term
hyperlordotic posture: pathological conditions: adaptive shortening of what 2 ligament groups
Definition
posterior lumbar spine, anterior hip ligaments
Term
hyperlordotic posture: pathological conditions: there is adaptive elongation of what 2 ligament groups
Definition
anterior lumbar spine ligaments, posterior hip ligaments
Term
hyperlordotic posture: pathological conditions: narrowing of what structure
Definition
lumbar intervertebral foramen
Term
sway pack posture: key note: in regards to postural stability
Definition
increased reliance on ligaments
Term
sway pack posture: with an increased reliance on ligaments for postural stability what does this mean for the joints?
Definition
joints are at the end of ROM
Term
sway pack posture: with an increased reliance on ligaments for postural stability what does this mean for the ligametns
Definition
execssive strain on the ligaments
Term
sway pack posture: joints involved (5)
Definition
knees, hips, lumbar spine, lower thoracic spine, cervical spine
Term
sway pack posture: possible cause: specific body type
Definition
ectomorph
Term
sway pack posture: possible causes: an ectomorph body results in what
Definition
hypomobility of joints
Term
sway pack posture: possible causes: this sense
Definition
poor postural sense
Term
sway pack posture: possible causes: muscle group that may be tightned/shortened
Definition
hip extensors
Term
sway pack posture: possible causes: muscle group that may be weakened or elongated (2)
Definition
hip flexors, lower abdominals
Term
sway pack posture: possible causes: hip extensors are....
Definition
shortened/tightened
Term
sway pack posture: possible causes: the hip flexors are....
Definition
weakened/elongated
Term
sway pack posture: possible causes: the lower abdominals are....
Definition
weakend/elongated
Term
sway pack posture: possible causes: decreased general....
Definition
muscle strength
Term
sway pack posture: adverse effects: in regards to the knees
Definition
genu recurvatum
Term
sway pack posture: adverse effects: in regard to the hips
Definition
hip joint extension
Term
sway pack posture: adverse effects: in regards to the pelvis
Definition
posterior pelvic tilt
Term
sway pack posture: adverse effects: in regards to the lumbar spine
Definition
in neutral or minimally flexed
Term
sway pack posture: adverse effects: in regards to the lower thoracic/thoracolumbar curvature
Definition
increased curvature
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: what happens to the hip ligaments
Definition
elongated or increased tensile forces on them
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: what happesn to the posterior aspect of the lower thoracic spine
Definition
elongated or increased tensile forces on it
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: there are elongated or increased tensile forces on what structures
Definition
anterior hip ligaments, posterior aspect of lower thoracic spine
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: what are the structures that are adapted/shortened or have increased compressive forces on them
Definition
posterior hip ligaments, anterior lower thoracic spine
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: what happens to the posterior hip ligaments
Definition
adapted/shortened or increased compressive forces on them
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: what happens to the anterior lower thoracic spine
Definition
adapted/shortened or increased compressive forces
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: there are increased tensile forces on what structures
Definition
posterior knee
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: what happens at the posterior knee
Definition
increased tensile forces
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: increased compressive forces where
Definition
anterior knee
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: what happens at the anterior knee
Definition
increased compressive forces
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: increased shearing forces where
Definition
L5/S1
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: what happens to L5/S1
Definition
increased shearing forces
Term
sway pack posture: pathological condition: what happens at the head and shoulder
Definition
forward head and shoulder posture
Term
forward head and shoulder posture is characterezed by what in regards to the scapulae
Definition
protraction and elevation
Term
forward head and shoulder posture is characterized by what in regards to the shoulders
Definition
rounded position of shoulders
Term
forward head and shoulder posture may include what else (2)
Definition
scapular winging, internal rotation
Term
forward head and shoulder posture includes what 4 joints
Definition
scapulothoracic articulation, glenohumeral joint, thoracic spine, cervical spine
Term
forward head and shoulder posture possible causes: in regard to tightned/shortened muscle groups
Definition
pectorals
Term
forward head and shoulder posture possible causes: in regards to the pectoral muscles
Definition
tightened, shortened
Term
forward head and shoulder posture in regards to muscles that may be weakened or elongated
Definition
scapular retractors
Term
forward head and shoulder posture possible causes: specific weakened or elongated scapular retractors (3)
Definition
mid and lower trapezius, rhomboids
Term
forward head and shoulder posture possible causes: in regards to females
Definition
large breast development
Term
forward head and shoulder posture possible causes in regards to this type of awareness
Definition
poor postural awareness
Term
forward head and shoulder posture possible causes in regards to muscles as a whole
Definition
fatigue
Term
forward head and shoulder posture adverse effects: in regards to bone
Definition
humeral head stress
Term
forward head and shoulder posture adverse effects: in regards to the humeral head stress, what happens to it
Definition
displaced anteriorly
Term
forward head and shoulder posture adverse effects: in regards to the head
Definition
forward head
Term
forward head and shoulder posture pathlogical conditions: compression of vessels and nerves results in this syndrome
Definition
thoracic outlet syndrome
Term
forward head and shoulder posture pathlogical conditions: thoracic outlet syndrome results in adaptive shortening of what muscles (3)
Definition
pectoralis minor, anterior scalene, middle scalene
Term
forward head and shoulder posture pathlogical conditions: thoracic outlet syndrome is teh adaptive shortening of the pectoralis minor, anterior/middle scalene, which results in compression of what (3) structures
Definition
subclavian artery, subclavian vv, medial cord of brachial plexus
Term
forward head and shoulder posture pathlogical conditions: in regards to the scapula
Definition
abnormal stability
Term
forward head and shoulder posture pathlogical conditions: in regards to the scapulohumeral rhythm
Definition
abnormal
Term
forward head and shoulder posture pathlogical conditions: what happens to the acromioclavicular joint
Definition
degeneration
Term
forward head and shoulder posture pathlogical conditions: tendonitis of what muscles
Definition
biceps
Term
forward head and shoulder posture pathlogical conditions: in regards to the glenohumeral joint
Definition
abnormal biomechanics
Term
forward head and shoulder posture pathlogical conditions: additional syndrome but not thoracic outlet syndrome
Definition
impingement syndrome
Term
the manner of style of walkign
Definition
gait
Term
gait analysis has what 5 components
Definition
temporal/spatial, kinematic, kinetic, muscle activity, energy cost
Term
what are the 3 essentials for walking
Definition
support, balance, propulsion
Term
what are the 3 other gait goals
Definition
minimize pian, energy conservation, smoothness
Term
ability to maintain equilibirum during single leg stance
Definition
balance
Term
ability for each leg to handle body weight without collapsing
Definition
support
Term
sufficient power to make limb movement and advance the trunk and advance the limb
Definition
propulsion
Term
What are the 2 phases of the gait cycle
Definition
stance, swing
Term
what are the 3 tasks of the gait cycle
Definition
weight acceptance, single limb support, limb advancement
Term
what is the 1st task of the gait cycle
Definition
weight acceptance
Term
what is the 2nd task of the gait cycle
Definition
single limb support
Term
what is the 3rd task of the gait cycle
Definition
limb advancement
Term
What are teh tasks involved in the stance phase
Definition
weight acceptance, single limb support
Term
what are the tasks involved in the swing phase
Definition
limb advancement
Term
what are the 8 periods of the gait cycle
Definition
initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing
Term
What are the 2 periods of the weight acceptance task
Definition
initial contact, loading response
Term
what are the 2 periods of the task single limb support
Definition
mid stance, terminal stance
Term
what are the 4 periosd of the limb advancement task
Definition
pre-swing, initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing
Term
the event in which my right foot makes contact, then left, then right again is called what?
Definition
a stride
Term
time when a limb is in complete contact with the ground
Definition
stance phase
Term
time when a limb is not in contact with the ground
Definition
swing phase
Term
which phase is approx 60% of the stridee
Definition
stance
Term
which phase is approx 40% of the stride
Definition
swing
Term
time when 2 limbs are in contact with the ground
Definition
double limb support
Term
how often does double limb support occur per gait cycle
Definition
2x
Term
how much time does double limb support take up during a gait cycle
Definition
~10%, but occurs twice during a gait cycle so 20%
Term
time when only 1 limb is in contact with the ground
Definition
single limb support
Term
how much time does single limb support take up during a gait cycle
Definition
~40%, but occurs 2x during a gait cycle so 80%
Term
when does double support occur?
Definition
start and end of stance phase
Term
when is displacement of COM greatest
Definition
midstance
Term
when is displaement of COM least or zero
Definition
double stance
Term
perry terminology: 8 events of stance and swing
Definition
initial contact, opposite toe off, heel rise, opposite initial contact, toe off, feed adjacent, tibia vertical, next initial contact
Term
perry terminology: 7 periods
Definition
loading response, midstance, terminal stance, pre swing, initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing
Term
perry terminology: 3 tasks
Definition
weight acceptance, single-limb support, limb advancement
Term
perry terminology:2 phases
Definition
stance phase, swing phase
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: Initial Contact leads to what
Definition
loading response
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: loading response leads to what
Definition
opposite toe of
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: opposite toe off leads to what
Definition
mid-stance
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: mid-stance leads to what
Definition
heel rise
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: heel rise leads to what
Definition
terminal stance
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: terminal stances leads to what
Definition
opposite initial contact
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: opposite initial contact leads to what
Definition
pre-swing
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: pre-swing ends with what
Definition
toe off
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: toe off leads to what
Definition
initial swing
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: initial swing leads to what
Definition
feet adjacent
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: feet adjacent leads to what
Definition
mid-swing
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: mid-swing leads to what
Definition
tibia vertical
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: tibia vertical leads to what
Definition
terminal swing
Term
Phases and Periods of Gait: terminal swing leads to what
Definition
initial contact
Term
loading response: starts when
Definition
initial contact
Term
loading response: ends when
Definition
opposite toe off
Term
loading response: task
Definition
weight acceptance
Term
loading response: what is the most challenging TASK in the gait cycle
Definition
weight acceptance
Term
loading response: Weight acceptance must accomplish 3 functional demands, what are they
Definition
shock absorption, initial limb stability, preservation of progress
Term
loading response: challenge of weight acceptance
Definition
abrupt transfer of body weight onto a limb that has just finished swinging forward and has unstable alignment
Term
Initial Contact: % of Gait Cycle
Definition
0-2%
Term
initial contact: major events: hip
Definition
flexed
Term
initial contact: major events: knee
Definition
extended
Term
initial contact: major events: ankle
Definition
dorsiflexed to neutral
Term
initial contact: major events: heel
Definition
ground contact is made with the heel
Term
initial contact: 3 objective
Definition
limb is reaching for ground, heel rocker, impact deceleration
Term
loading response: major events: knee
Definition
flexed
Term
loading response: major events: why is the knee flexed
Definition
for shock absorption
Term
loading response: major events: in regards to body weight
Definition
transferred onto forward limb
Term
loading response: % of gait cycle
Definition
2-12%
Term
loading response: major events: ankle
Definition
undergoes controlled plantar flexion
Term
loading response: major events: the heel
Definition
heel rocker
Term
GRF Initial Contact: Ankle
Definition
Plantar Flexion
Term
GRF Initial Contact: Knee
Definition
Extension
Term
GRF Initial Contact: Hip
Definition
Flexion
Term
GRF Opposite Toe off: Ankle
Definition
Plantar Flexion
Term
GRF Opposite Toe off: Knee
Definition
Flexion
Term
GRF Opposite Toe Off Hip
Definition
Minimal flexion
Term
mid stance is what % of the gait cycle
Definition
12-31%
Term
mid stance: starts when
Definition
opposite toe off
Term
mid stance ends when
Definition
body weight aligned over forefoot / heel rise
Term
mid stance: task
Definition
single limb support
Term
mid stance: major events: advancement of what
Definition
limb advances over stationary foot
Term
mid stance: major events: in regards to teh ankle (2)
Definition
ankle dorsiflexes, ankle rocker mechanism
Term
mid stance: major events: the knee
Definition
extends
Term
mid stance: major events: the hip
Definition
extends
Term
mid stance: body weight is aligned over what
Definition
forefoot
Term
mid stance: objectives: stability of what
Definition
limb and trunk
Term
mid stance: objectives: what must occur to allow easy passage of swing limb
Definition
supporting limb extends
Term
mid stance objectives: controlled ______ progression over the stationary foot
Definition
tibial
Term
mid stance GRF of ankle
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
midstance grf moment of knee
Definition
minimal
Term
mid stance GRF of hip
Definition
extension
Term
terminal stance: what % of the gait cycle
Definition
31-50%
Term
terminal stance starts when
Definition
body weight aligned over forefoot
Term
terminal stance ends when
Definition
opposite initial contact
Term
terminal stance task
Definition
single limb support
Term
terminal stance major events: the heel
Definition
rises
Term
terminal stance major events: the heel
Definition
rises
Term
terminal stance major events: knee
Definition
extension
Term
terminal stance major events: hip
Definition
extension
Term
terminal stance majro events: limb advances over what
Definition
forefoot rocker
Term
terminal stance grf moment: ankle
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
terminal stance grf moment knee
Definition
flexion
Term
terminal stance grf moment hip
Definition
extension
Term
terminal stance objectives: foot/ankle
Definition
maintain a rigid foot/ankle
Term
terminal stance objectives: stability
Definition
of limb and trunk
Term
terminal stance objectives: in regards to center of mass
Definition
center of mass progression moves ahead of the forefoot
Term
pre swing is what % of the gait cycle
Definition
50%-62%
Term
pre swing starts when
Definition
opposite initial contact
Term
pre-swing ends when
Definition
toe off
Term
pre-swing task
Definition
swing limb advancement
Term
what occurs during preswing to meet the high demands of advancing the limbs
Definition
prepatory posturing (weight release and weigh transfer)
Term
pre-swing major events: what type of support is initiated
Definition
double support
Term
pre-swing major events: in regards to the ankle
Definition
increased plantar flexion
Term
pre-swing major events: in regards to the knee
Definition
flexion
Term
pre-swing major events: in regards to the hip
Definition
reduced hip extension
Term
pre-swing objectives: abrupt transfer of what
Definition
body weight
Term
pre-swing objectives: abrupt transfer of bodyweight does what
Definition
rapidly unloads the limb
Term
pre-swing objectives: position the limb for what purpose
Definition
swing
Term
pre-swing objectives: accelerate progression of trailing limb with what
Definition
forward 'push'
Term
pre-swing grf moments ankle
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
pre-swing grf moments knee
Definition
flexion
Term
pre swing grf moments hip
Definition
extension
Term
initial swing is what % of the gait cycle
Definition
62-75%
Term
initial swing starts with what
Definition
toe off
Term
initial swing ends with what
Definition
feet adjacent
Term
initial swing task
Definition
swing limb advancement
Term
initial swing major events: the knee
Definition
flexion
Term
initial swing major events: purpose of knee flexion
Definition
lifts the foot for toe clearance
Term
initial swing major events: the hip
Definition
flexion
Term
initial swing major events: purpose of hip flexion
Definition
advances the limb
Term
initial swing major events: ankle
Definition
incomplete dorsiflexion
Term
initial swing objectives: in regards to the foot
Definition
clearance of the floor controlled by knee flexion
Term
mid swing is what % of the gait cycle
Definition
75-87%
Term
mid swing starts when
Definition
feet adjacent
Term
mid swing ends when
Definition
tibial vertical
Term
mid swing task
Definition
sing limb advancement
Term
mid swing major events: advancement of the limb gained by what
Definition
further hip flexion
Term
mid swing major events: the knee
Definition
extends
Term
mid swing major events: the ankle
Definition
dorsiflexes to neutral
Term
mid swing objective (2)
Definition
limb advancement, foot clearance of the ground
Term
terminal swing % of gait cycle
Definition
87-100%
Term
terminal swing starts with what
Definition
tibia vertical
Term
terminal swing ends with what
Definition
initial contact
Term
terminal swing task
Definition
swing limb advancement
Term
terminal swing major events: limb advancement is completed by what
Definition
knee extension
Term
terminal swing major events: the hip
Definition
extends slightly
Term
terminal swing major events: ankle
Definition
remains dorsiflexed
Term
terminal swing prepares the limb for what
Definition
upcoming ground contact
Term
traditional terminology: 6 events
Definition
initial contact, foot flat, mid stance, heel off, toe off, heel contact
Term
traditional terminology: 4 periods
Definition
push off, early swing, mid swing, late swing
Term
how is stride length chosen
Definition
minimizatio of step to step transition and leg swing costs
Term
how is step width optimization chosen
Definition
one that balances stability requirement and energetic costs
Term
what type of steps increases lateral stability? narrow or wide
Definition
wide
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