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Test 2
packet 2
211
Anatomy
Graduate
03/25/2015

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Cards

Term
distance between consecutive heel strikes on the same limb
Definition
stride length
Term
distance between consecutive heel strikes of different feet
Definition
step length
Term
lateral distance between heel centers between consecutive foot contacts
Definition
step width
Term
cadence aka
Definition
step rate
Term
the most functional measure of an indviduals walking ability
Definition
gait speed
Term
stride length * stride frequency = ?
Definition
speed
Term
ground reaction forces have 2 vertical peaks, what are they
Definition
impact absorption, push off
Term
ground reaction forces have 2 vertical peaks, how much bodyweight is applied during these time
Definition
120%
Term
there is 1 valley in vertical ground reaction forces, what % of body weight is seen in that valley
Definition
80%
Term
medial/lateral ground reaction forces are typically directed where
Definition
medially
Term
loading response: movement of the hip from initial contact to opposite toe off
Definition
extension
Term
loading response: movement of the knee from initial contact to opposite toe off
Definition
flexion
Term
loading response: movement of the ankle from initial contact to opposite toe off
Definition
plantar flexion until foot flat then dorsiflexion
Term
loading response: angle of the hip during initial contact
Definition
30 flexion
Term
loading response: angle of the hip during opposite toe off
Definition
25 flexion
Term
loading response: muscle activity of the hip
Definition
concentric hip extensors/hamstrings
Term
loading response: concentric hip extensors/hamstrings prevents what
Definition
jackknifing of trunk
Term
loading response: muscle activity allows for what to happen
Definition
extension of hip to accept weight
Term
loading response: movement of the knee from initial contact to opposite toe off
Definition
flexion
Term
loading response: angle of knee during initial contact
Definition
5 flexion
Term
loading response: angle of knee during opposite toe off
Definition
10-20 flexion
Term
loading response: muscle activity of the knee
Definition
initial concentric knee flexors, eccentric knee extensors
Term
mid stance: movement of the hip between opposite toe off and Bodyweight over forefoot
Definition
extension
Term
mid stance: movement of the knee from opposite toe off to bw over forefoot
Definition
extension
Term
mid stance: movement of the ankle from opposite toe off to body weight over forefoot
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
mid stance: angle of the hip at body weight over forefoot
Definition
neutral
Term
mid stance: angle of the knee at bw over forefoot
Definition
5 flexion
Term
mid stance: angle of the ankle at bw over forefoot
Definition
5 dorsiflexion
Term
mid stance: muscular activity at the hip
Definition
concentric hip extensors/hamstrings
Term
mid stance: muscle activity of the knee
Definition
concentric knee extensors extend the limb
Term
mid stance: muscle activity of the ankle
Definition
eccentric plantar flexors control tibia advancing over foot
Term
when is the COM at peak height
Definition
mid stance
Term
in regards to tibial progression, when hip velocity is equal to knee veloicty what happens to the knee angle
Definition
no change
Term
in regards to tibial progression, when hip velocity is less than knee veloicty what happens to the knee angle
Definition
knee flexion
Term
in regards to tibial progression, when hip velocity is greater than knee veloicty what happens to the knee angle
Definition
knee extension
Term
terminal stance: motion of the hip from body weight over forefoot to opposite initial contact
Definition
extension
Term
terminal stance: motion of the knee from bodyweight over forefoot to opposite initial contact
Definition
extension until ~30-40% of gait cycle then flex
Term
terminal stance: motion of the ankle form body weight over forefoot to opposite initial contact
Definition
dorsiflexion until heel off then plantar flexion
Term
terminal stance: angle of the hip at opposite initial contact
Definition
10 extension
Term
when does peak hip extension occur
Definition
opposite initial contact
Term
terminal stance: angle of the knee at opposite initial contact
Definition
10 flexion
Term
terminal stance: angle of the ankle at opposite initial contact
Definition
7 dorsiflexion
Term
terminal stance: muscle activity of the hip
Definition
eccentric hip flexors
Term
terminal stance: what is the role of the eccentric hip flexors
Definition
decelerate hip extension
Term
terminal stance: what is extension of the hip achieved by
Definition
inertia/gravity
Term
terminal stance: muscle activity of the knee
Definition
minimal knee extensor/flexor activity
Term
terminal stance: muscle activity of the ankle
Definition
eccentric plantar flexors, concentric plantar flexors
Term
terminal stance: role of the eccentric dorsiflexors
Definition
control tibia advancing over foot
Term
terminal stance: what is the role of the concentric plantar flexors
Definition
push off, primary contributors to forward propulsion
Term
pre-swing: movement of teh hip from opposite initial contact to toe off
Definition
flexion
Term
pre-swing: movement of the knee from opposite initial contact to toe off
Definition
flexion
Term
pre-swing: movement of the ankle from opposite initial contact to toe off
Definition
plantar flexion
Term
pre-swing: angle of the hip during ote off
Definition
neutral
Term
pre-swing: angle of the knee during toe off
Definition
30 flexion
Term
pre-swing: angle of teh ankle during toe off
Definition
15-20 plantar flexion
Term
when does peak plantar flexion occur
Definition
toe off/preswing
Term
pre-swing: muscle activity of the hip
Definition
concentric hip flexors
Term
pre-swing: role of teh concentric hip flexors
Definition
initiate hip flexion
Term
pre-swing: muscle activity of the knee
Definition
eccentric knee extensors
Term
pre-swing: role of the eccentric knee extensors
Definition
limit knee flexion rate
Term
pre-swing: muscle activity of the ankle
Definition
concentric plantar flexors
Term
initial swing: motion of the hip from toe off to feet adjacent
Definition
flexion
Term
initial swing: motion of the knee from toe off to feed adjacent
Definition
flexion
Term
initial swing: motion of the ankle from toe off to feet adjacent
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
initial swing: angle of the hip at feet adjacent
Definition
20 flexion
Term
initial swing: angle of the knee at feet adjacent
Definition
60 flexion
Term
when does peak knee flexion occur
Definition
initial swing/feet adjacent
Term
initial swing: angle of the ankle at feet adjacent
Definition
5 plantar flexion
Term
initial swing: muscle activity of the hip
Definition
concentric hip flexors
Term
initial swing: role of the concentric hip flexors
Definition
generate hip flexion torque
Term
initial swing: muscle activity of the knee
Definition
minimal knee extensor/flexor activity
Term
what causes movement of the knee during the initial swing
Definition
inertia as hip flexes
Term
initial swing: muscle activity of the ankle
Definition
concentric dorsiflexors
Term
initial swing: role of the concentric dorsiflexors
Definition
bring the ankle into neutral
Term
mid swing: motion of the hip from feet adjacent to tibia vertical
Definition
hip flexion
Term
mid swing: motion of the knee from feet adjacent ot tibia vertical
Definition
extension
Term
mid swing: movement of the ankle from feet adjacent to tibia vertiacl
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
mid swing: angle of teh hip at tibia vertical
Definition
32 extension
Term
when does peak hip extension occur
Definition
tibia vertical/midswing
Term
mid swing: angle of the knee at tibia vertical
Definition
30 flexion
Term
mid swing: angle of the ankl at tibia vertical
Definition
neutral
Term
mid swing: muscle activity of the hip
Definition
cocentric hip flexors, eccentric hip extensors
Term
when does concentric hip flexor activity conclude
Definition
mid swing
Term
mid swing: role of the eccentric hip flexors
Definition
decelerate hip extension
Term
mid swing: muscular activity of the knee
Definition
minimal knee extensor/flexor activity
Term
mid swing: muscle activity of the ankle
Definition
concentric/isometric dorsiflexors
Term
mid swing: role of the concentric/isomteric dorsiflexors
Definition
bring/hold the ankle in neutral
Term
terminal swing: movement of the hip from tibia vertical to initial contact
Definition
extension
Term
terminal swing: movement of the knee from tibia vertical to initial contact
Definition
extension until peak extension (97% of gait cycle) then flex
Term
terminal swing: movement of the ankle from tibia vertical to initial contact
Definition
minimal
Term
terminal swing: muscle activity of the hip
Definition
concentric hip extensors
Term
terminal swing: role of the concentric hip extensors
Definition
begin hip extension, prepare limb for initial contact
Term
terminal swing: muscle activity of the knee
Definition
eccentric knee flexors
Term
terminal swing: role of the eccentric knee flexors (3)
Definition
decelarate knee extension, prevent hyperextension, prepare for ground contact
Term
terminal swing: muscular activity of the ankle
Definition
concentric/isomteric dorsiflexors
Term
terminal swing: role of the concentric/isomteric dorsiflexors
Definition
hold the ankle in neutral, prepare for ground contact
Term
posterior pelvic tilt occurs when
Definition
double support
Term
when does anterior pelvic tilt occur
Definition
single limb support
Term
how much does the pelvis rotate throughout the gait cycle
Definition
+/- 3 degrees
Term
how much is the hip flexed at initial contact
Definition
30
Term
extension of teh hip during terminal stance is a result of what
Definition
body moving over the fixed foot
Term
peak extension of 10 degrees of te hip occurs just prior to what
Definition
toe off
Term
when does hip flexion occur
Definition
during pre-swing
Term
peak flexion slightly greater than 30 occurs during what
Definition
mid swing
Term
how much is the knee flexed during intial contact
Definition
5
Term
what is the purpose of the knee flexing to 20 degrees during the loadign response
Definition
shock absorption
Term
extension of the knee occurs in what 2 phases
Definition
mid stance, terminal stance
Term
flexion of the knee begins during which stance
Definition
terminal stance
Term
why does flexion of teh knee begin during terminal stance
Definition
facilitate toe clearance
Term
peak flexion of the knee of about 60 occurs when
Definition
during inital swing
Term
joint torque created by muscle-tendon unit and other passive structures
Definition
joint internal moment
Term
positive power = generating energy which results in what
Definition
speeding up, concentric activity
Term
negative power = absorbing energy which means what
Definition
slowing down, eccentric activity
Term
internal moment of the hip during loading response
Definition
extension
Term
internal moment of the knee during loading response
Definition
extension
Term
internal moment of the ankle during loading response
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
internal moment of the hip during mid stance
Definition
flexion
Term
internal moment of the knee during midstance
Definition
flexion
Term
internal moment of the ankl during midstance
Definition
plantar flexion
Term
internal moment of the hip during terminal stance
Definition
flexion
Term
internal moment of the knee during terminal stance
Definition
flexion and then extension
Term
internal moment of the ankle during terminal stance
Definition
plantar flexion
Term
internal moment of teh hip during initial swing
Definition
extension
Term
internal moment of the knee during initial swing
Definition
very little, movement caused by inertia
Term
internal moment of the ankl during intial swing
Definition
equal forces
Term
internal moment of the hip during pre-swing
Definition
extension
Term
internal moment of the knee during pre swing
Definition
extension
Term
internal moment of the ankle during pre swing
Definition
dorsiflexion
Term
internal moment of teh hip during mid swing
Definition
extension
Term
internal moment of the knee during mid swing
Definition
flexion
Term
internal moment of the ankle during mid swing
Definition
equal forces
Term
internal moment of the hip during terminal swing
Definition
flexion
Term
internal moment of the knee during terminal swing
Definition
flexion and then extension
Term
internal moment of the ankle during terminal swing
Definition
equal
Term
position of the ankle at initial contact
Definition
neutral
Term
there is controlled _______ _______ during loading response
Definition
plantar flexion
Term
when does dorsiflexion occur (2)
Definition
through single limb support, tibia moves over foot
Term
peak plantar flexion of 15-20 occurs when
Definition
at toe off
Term
what is the purpose of dorsiflexion during swing
Definition
improves toe clearance
Term
there is strong hip extensor torque during what
Definition
first half of stance
Term
there is strong hip flexor torque during wht
Definition
second half of stance
Term
normal hip extensor torque occurs during what
Definition
terminal swing
Term
what are the hip extensors doing during the loading response
Definition
concentrically flexing
Term
purpose of the hip extensors concentrically flexing during the loading response (2)
Definition
prevent jackknifing, extend the hip
Term
when are the hip extensors eccentrically flexing
Definition
during terminal swing
Term
purpose of the eccentric hip extensors during terminal swing
Definition
decelerate the flexing hip tehn initiate extension
Term
what are the hip flexors doing during termianl stance
Definition
eccentric flexing
Term
purpose of teh hip flexors being eccentric during terminal stance
Definition
decelerate hip extension
Term
what are the hip flexors doing during pre swing and intial swing
Definition
concentric flexing
Term
purpose of the hip flexors being concentric during pre swing and initial swing
Definition
advance the limb
Term
internal moment of the knee at initial contact
Definition
flexion
Term
what are the knee extensors doing during loadnig reponse
Definition
eccentric contraction
Term
what is the purpose of the knee extensors eccentrically contracting during loading response
Definition
control knee flexion
Term
the knee extensors eccentrically contract during loading response to control knee flexion which does what
Definition
provide shock absorption
Term
what are the knee extensors doing during mid stance
Definition
concentrically contracting
Term
what is the purpose of the knee extensors concentrically contracting during mid stance (2)
Definition
extend the knee and support the weight of the body
Term
what are the knee extensors doing at terminal swing
Definition
concentrically contracting
Term
what is the purpose of the knee extensors concentrically contracting at terminal swing
Definition
prepare for initial contact
Term
what are the knee flexors doing after initial contact
Definition
concentrically contracting
Term
purpose of the knee flexors concentrically contracting after initial contact
Definition
begin knee flexion
Term
what are the knee flexors doing during loading response
Definition
concentrically contracting
Term
the knee flexors are concentric during the loading response to assist with what (2)
Definition
hip extension oand provide stability to the knee through coactivation
Term
what are the knee flexors doing through terminal stance
Definition
eccentrically contracting
Term
purpose of the eccentric knee flexors through terminal stance
Definition
limit knee extension
Term
most of the knee flexion during pre swing and swing phase is performed how
Definition
passively
Term
what are the knee flexors doing during terminal swing
Definition
eccentric contracting
Term
knee flexors are eccentric during terminal swing for what purpose )2)
Definition
decelerate knee extension, prepare for heel contact
Term
dorsiflexor torque during loading response allows for what to occur
Definition
gently lower foot to ground
Term
plantar flexor torque peaks when
Definition
end of terminal stance/beginning of pre swing
Term
what are teh ankl dorsiflexors doing during heel contact
Definition
strong eccentric
Term
strong eccentric contraction of ankle dorsiflexors at heel contact allows for what
Definition
decelerate plantar flexion of ankle
Term
ankle dorsiflexors are doing what during swing phase
Definition
concentric activation
Term
concentric activation during swing phase of the ankl dorsiflexors allows for what (2)
Definition
clear the toes, prepare for initial contact
Term
purpose of the ankle plantar flexors being eccentric (2)
Definition
control forward movement of the tibia and fibula, stabilize ankle and knee joints
Term
there is a major concentric contraction of the ankle plantar flexors during what two motions
Definition
heel off to toe off
Term
major concentric contraction of the ankle plantar fleoxrs results in what
Definition
forward propulsion/push-off
Term
angle of pelvis at initial contact
Definition
0
Term
when is pelvic obliquity at -5 (2)
Definition
midstance, peak knee flexion
Term
pelvic obliquity is at +5 after what (2)
Definition
initial swing/toe off
Term
hip joint angle in frontal plane at initial contact
Definition
0
Term
when is the hip joint at -5 degrees (adduction) (2)
Definition
midstance, peak knee flexion
Term
when is the hip joint abducted 5
Definition
after toe off/initial swing
Term
positive trendelenburg sign is a result of what
Definition
hip abductor weakness
Term
a positive trendelenburg sign results in excessive drop of the pelvis to what side
Definition
side of the lifted limb
Term
what is a way to compensate for the trendenelenburg sign
Definition
leaning of the trunk to side of weakness
Term
excessive elevation of iliac crest on the side of the swing limb
Definition
hip hiking
Term
hip internal moment in the frontal plane during loading response and prior to terminal stance
Definition
ABduction
Term
what are the hip abductors doing during loading reponse
Definition
eccentric contraction
Term
what is the purpose of the eccentric hip abductors uring loading response
Definition
control contralatera pelvic lowering/drop
Term
what are the hip abductors doing from midstance to the middle of midswing
Definition
concentric contraction
Term
what is the purpose of the concentric hip abductors from midstance to the middle of midswing
Definition
return pelvis to neutral
Term
what are the hip ABductors doing during terminal swing
Definition
eccentrically contracting
Term
purpose of the eccentric hip abductors at terminal swing
Definition
preparation for heel contact
Term
hip adductors activity during loading resposne
Definition
concentric
Term
purpose of the concentric hip adductors during loading reponse
Definition
stabilize the hip through coactivation
Term
hip adductors action after toe off
Definition
concetnric
Term
purpose of concentric hip adductors after toe off
Definition
likely to assist with initiating hip flexion
Term
knee internal moment throughout stance
Definition
ABductor
Term
internal momevent of teh subtalar joint at initial contact
Definition
2 inversion
Term
what is peak eversion of the subtalar joint
Definition
2
Term
subtalar joint everts from what to what
Definition
intial contact to start of terminal stance
Term
purpose of the subtalar joint from initial contact to start of terminal stance
Definition
aids in weight acceptance, providing a flexible and adaptable foot structure for contacting the ground
Term
action of the subtalar joint during terminal stance
Definition
inversion
Term
purpose of inversion of the subtalar joint during terminal stance to toe off
Definition
creates a more rigid foot structure which helps to propel the body forward
Term
inversion of the subtalar joint during terminal stance to toe nears what (degrees)
Definition
6
Term
rotation of the hip at initial contact
Definition
2 external rotation
Term
from initial contact to opposite contact how does the hip roll
Definition
internally rotates
Term
peak internal rotation of the hip joint nears what (degrees)
Definition
8
Term
rotation of the hip joint from opposite contact to mid swing
Definition
external rotation
Term
peak external rotation of the hip is what (degrees)
Definition
8
Term
the trunk rotates how to the pelvis
Definition
opposite direction
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