Term
| What methods did the philosophes apply when developing their ideas? |
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Definition
| They believed that the use of reason could lead to reforms of government, law, and society |
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Term
| How did thinkers during th Age of Reason challenge the established social order? |
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Definition
| thinkers insisted people and government could solve every social, political, and economical problems |
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Term
| Which city was considered to be the heat of the Enlightenment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Enilightenment thinkers were influenced by the iea of natural law that emerged from what movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| According the Thomas Hobbes, what is the best form of government? |
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Definition
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Term
| The sysem of checks and balances in th US Constitution was influenced by the ideas of which Enlightenment thinker? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was the Diterot's Encyclopedia important? |
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Definition
| more people saw that reform was necessary in order to achieve a just society |
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Term
| According to economist Adam Smith, how would business activity be regulated in a free market? |
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Definition
| manufacturing, trade, wages, pprofits, and economic growth were all linked to market forces of supply and demand |
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Term
| What Enlightenment thinker argued that the purpose of government is to safeguard the natual rights of people? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Enlightenment writers try to avoid censorship? |
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Definition
| they restricted ideas and information by banning and burning books |
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Term
| Elegant compostions by Handel, Haydn, and Mozart reflected waht new musical style? |
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Definition
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Term
| During the Enlightenment, what argument did the government and church officials use to justify their war of censorship? |
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Definition
| they believed God had created and set up the old order and therefore it was to be followed |
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Term
| In the 1700s, British merchants gained enormous wealth by dominating waht type of trade with the Spanish America? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following British laws imposed taxes on such items as newspapers and pamphlets in the American colonies? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Declaration of Independence clearly reflects the ideas of which philosopher? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is power dicided in the Constitution's federal republic? |
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Definition
| legestative, executive, and judicial |
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Term
| InFrance's old order, which groups were members of the bourgeoisie? |
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Definition
| prosperous bankers, merchants, manufacturers, lawyers, doctors, journalists, and professors |
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Term
| In 1789, the delegates to the Estates-General that broke away and declared themselves to be the natuional Assembly were from which estate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Participants in the Tennis Court Oath swore to continue meeting until they were able to do what? |
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Definition
| until they had established a sound and just constitution |
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Term
| Why did the people of Paris storm the Bastille on July 14, 1789? |
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Definition
| they demanded weapons and gunpowder believed to be stored there |
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Term
| What form of goverment did the National Assembly create with the Constitution of 1791? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Robespierre believe that Frances could achieve a "republic of virtue"? |
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Definition
only through the use of terror, which he coolly defined as nothing more than "prompt, severe, inflexible justice".
"Criminals cannot be secured unless criminals lose their heads."
-Robespierre |
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Term
| What did Robespierre try to do durning the Reign of Terror? |
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Definition
| Conduct hasty trials and executions. |
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Term
| During the Reign of Terror, trials and executions were carried out under whose authority? |
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Definition
| Committee of PUblic Safety |
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Term
| What was the three-man governing board Napoleon and his followers set up? |
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Definition
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Term
| What areas did Naploean annex to France? |
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Definition
| The Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Germany |
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Term
| What war tactic helped the Russians defeat Napolean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who were the poorest of the Third Estate? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the women march on Versailles? |
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Definition
| to demand the food and supplies they were being deprived of |
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Term
| What was the Continental System? |
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Definition
| closed European ports to British goods. (economic warfare) |
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Term
| Where was Napolean's final defeat? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Congress of Vienna redraw the boundaries of some European countries? |
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Definition
| to restore stability and order in Europe after years and years of wars. |
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Term
| What were the goals of the decision makers at the Congress of Vienna? |
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Definition
| to restore stability and order in Europe after years and years of war. |
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Term
| What was the Concert of Europe? |
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Definition
| where the powers met periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe |
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Term
| What event in Europe in 1808 encouraged the widespread rebellion in Latin America? |
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Definition
| Serbia was seeking independence and revolted. |
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Term
| What were the goals of European conservatives in the early 1800s? |
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Definition
| they wanted to return to the way things had been before 1789 because they had benifited under the old order. |
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Term
| What did the conservatives of the early 1800s believe in? |
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Definition
| they supported a social hierarchy in which lower classes respected and obeyed their social superiors. They also backed an established church. |
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Term
| Why was Louis Philippe called the "citizen king"? |
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Definition
| because he owed his throne to the people |
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Term
| How did the Second Republic in France end? |
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Definition
| it created a strong president and a one house legislature. But it also gave the vote to all adult MEN, the widest suffrage in the world at the time. |
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Term
| What was the result of the 1830 revolt in Poland? |
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Definition
| they were brutally crushed by the Russians and failed to gain widespread support. |
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Term
| Which group dominated Latin American political and social life in the 1700s? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did Mexico's independence movement begin? |
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Definition
| The Spanish Americans were afraid after Haiti had revolted against them and they had no desire for economic or social changes that might threaten their way of life. But in 1810, a creole priest in Mexico raised his voice for freedom! |
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Term
| What was a goal of revolutionaries in the Italian states in 1848? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nation was made up of Venezuela, Ecuador, and Panama? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was Haiti's fight for freedom different from other Latin American nations? |
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Definition
| the fight was fought by the slaves of Haiti |
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Term
| Who led Haiti's fight for independence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Simon Bolivar's dream of a united Gran Colombia never come true? |
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Definition
| most creoles where reluctant to act |
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Term
| Which revolutionary leader helped Argentina win freedom from Spain? |
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Definition
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