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Test 1
breathing
114
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
02/16/2010

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Term
osteology
Definition
structure and function of bones
Term
myology
Definition
muscle form and function
Term
arthology
Definition
joints
Term
neurology
Definition
nervous system
Term
Epithelial tissue
Definition
protects
mucous membrane and skin
surface of body and cavity linings
Term
connective tissue
Definition
support, connect, bind, maintenance
cartilage, blood, bone
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
contracts
smooth, striated, cardiac
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
transmits information
neuron to neuron
neuron to muscle
Term
fibrous
Definition
no mobility
Term
cartilaginous
Definition
limited mobility
Term
synovial
Definition
high mobility
Term
agonist
Definition
move a structure
Term
antagonist
Definition
oppose movement
Term
synergist
Definition
stabilize a structure
Term
actin
Definition
thin myofiliment
Term
myosin
Definition
thick myofiliment
Term
FF units
Definition
fast and very fatiguable
sprinters
forceful or rapid contraction
Term
FR units
Definition
fast and fatigue resistant
speech
Term
S units
Definition
slow and small
incredibly fatigue resistant
used to sit
Term
strength
Definition
depends on number of muscle fibers
Term
fatigue
Definition
cannot supply muscles with necessary energy
Term
superior
Definition
above
Term
inferior
Definition
below
Term
anterior
Definition
front
Term
posterior
Definition
back
Term
cranial
Definition
towards head
Term
caudial
Definition
towards bottom
Term
proximal
Definition
close
Term
distal
Definition
distant
Term
medial
Definition
midline
Term
lateral
Definition
farther from middle
Term
coronal
Definition
frontal
front and back
Term
sagittal
Definition
vertical
left and right
Term
transverse
Definition
horizontal
upper and lower
Term
peripheral
Definition
away from center
Term
superfical
Definition
toward the surface
Term
deep
Definition
close to axis
Term
prone
Definition
on belly
Term
supine
Definition
on back
Term
external respiration
Definition
process involved in O2/CO2 exchange between intestinal fluids and environment
Term
internal respiration
Definition
process involved in absorbtion of O2 and release of CO2 by cells
Term
function of respiratory system
Definition
gas exchange btw air and blood
defend against pollutants
air supply for sound production
Term
hyperventilation
Definition
excess of air
Term
hypoventilation
Definition
too little
Term
boyles law
Definition
given a contant temp, increase in volume will cause a decrease in pressure
Term
forces causing lungs to return to resting state
Definition
elasticity
gravity
Term
alveolar pressure
Definition
pressure within an alveolar
Term
intrapleural pressure
Definition
pressure btw visceral and parietal
Term
subglottal pressure
Definition
measured below vocal folds
Term
intraoral pressure
Definition
measured in mouth
Term
atmospheric pressure
Definition
treated as a constant
Term
ventilation
Definition
movement
conduction of air in respiratory path
Term
distribution
Definition
air distributed to alveoli
Term
perfusion
Definition
vascular supply to alveolar capillaries
amount of blood around
Term
diffusion
Definition
gas exchange across alveolar capillary membrane
Term
volume
Definition
amount a compartment can hold
Term
capacity
Definition
functional unit representing physiological limit
Term
vital capacity
Definition
inhaled following maximal exhalation
Term
functional residual capacity
Definition
amount in body after passive exhalation
Term
inspiratory capacity
Definition
maximum inspiration possible after tidal expiration
Term
tidal volume
Definition
exchanged in 1 cycle
Term
inspiratory reserve volume
Definition
inhaled after tidal inspiration
Term
expiratory reserve volume
Definition
exhaled after tidal expiration
Term
residual volume
Definition
air remaining in lungs after masimum exhalation
Term
dead air
Definition
in conducting passage
Term
what is cilliated
Definition
hair like cells
Term
aponeuroses
Definition
sheet like tissue
Term
origin
Definition
point of attachment of least mobile
Term
insertion
Definition
point of attachment that moves following contraction
Term
sliding filiment model
Definition
acetylcholine released
travels to t-tubels
stimulates sarcoplasmic reticulm
sr realeases calcium
calcium binds to troponin
myosin grabs(creating cross bridge) and pulls
Term
t-tubles
Definition
sends impulse to muscle
results in contraction
Term
afferent
Definition
toward the center of the body
Term
efferent
Definition
away from the center of the body
Term
innervate
Definition
to stimulate
Term
enervate
Definition
to make weak
Term
respiration
Definition
gas exchange btw an organism and its environment
Term
metabolic demands
Definition
keep you alive
Term
speech breathing
Definition
regulation of breathing for voice and speech production
Term
expansion
Definition
leads to pressure drop in lungs
pressure in lungs is negative to pressure outside
Term
contraction
Definition
leads to increase in pressure
pressure in lungs positive causing air to flow out
Term
quiet breathing
Definition
passive exhalation
Term
diaphragmatic breathihng
Definition
deep breathing
Term
costal breathing
Definition
shallow
Term
forced breathing
Definition
active inhalation and exhalation
Term
two forces enable lungs to change volume
Definition
pleural linkage
restorative forces
Term
pleural linkage
Definition
maintains expanison of lungs and ecompression of rib cage
Term
restorative forces
Definition
elastic recoil forces acting upon lungs and thorax
Term
pleura
Definition
space btw lungs and rib cage filled with fluid
Term
surfacant
Definition
fluid in pleura
Term
5 pressures of respiration
Definition
alveolar
intrapleural
subglottal
intraoral
atmospheric
Term
description of cycle
Definition
diaphram contracts
pleural membranes stretched-drop in pressure
lungs expand
ab structures compressed
external intercostals contract
air rushes in
elastic recoil forces increase
diaphragm and intercostals relax
lungs decrease in volume
air rushes out
Term
average breath pre min. for adults/children
Definition
12-15/higher than 15
Term
1 cycle
Definition
1 inspiration and 1 expiration
Term
minute volume
Definition
volume of air consumed in 1 min
Term
factors affecting volume and duration
Definition
age, sex, health, exertion
Term
factors affecting volume and capacty
Definition
age, sex, body size
Term
neck
Definition
constriction near one end of a bone
Term
foramen
Definition
an opening or perforation in a bone
Term
head
Definition
enlargement at one end of the bone
Term
condyle
Definition
rounded or knucklelike process
Term
sinus
Definition
cavity within a bone
Term
fascia
Definition
sheet like membrane surrounding organs and muscles
Term
process
Definition
bony prominence
Term
spine
Definition
sharp projection
Term
tubercle
Definition
small rounded projection
Term
tuberosity
Definition
large rounded projection
Term
trochanter
Definition
very large bony projection
Term
meatus
Definition
tube or passageway
Term
fovea
Definition
small pitlike depression
Term
groove
Definition
furrow
Term
sulcus
Definition
groove or furrow
Term
fossa
Definition
pit or hallow
Term
crest
Definition
prominent ridge
Term
fissure
Definition
cleft of deep groove
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