Term
| What is the Fetlock called (front and hind)? |
|
Definition
metacarpophalangeal (front) joint
metatarsophalangeal (hind) joint |
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Term
| What is the the joint that equivilant to the human wrist, it is a large joint above the cannon bone? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the joint equivalent to the human knee? |
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Definition
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Term
| What splints bear most of the weight on the front end and the hind end? |
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Definition
Front end- Lateral splints are weight bearing of the carpus.
Hind end- Medial splints are weight bearing of the tarsus "hock". |
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Term
| What is the tarsus of the horse? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What are ligaments attached to and what do they do? |
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Definition
| Bone on bone or bone on tendon. They stabilize joints. |
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Term
| What are tendons attached to and what do they do? |
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Definition
| Cords of connective tissue attaching muscle to bone, cartilage, or other tendons.Shock absorption, muscle to movement. |
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Term
| What is the term for towards the front of the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for towards the hind end of the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for towards the ears of the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for towards the nostril of the horse? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term for the top line of the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for the under line of the horse? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term for the front of the legs? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term for the back of the front legs? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term for the back of the hind legs? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term for towards the outer sides of the horse? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the term for toward the center of the horse? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Where the appendage joins the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| The point furthest from where the appendage joins the body. |
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Term
| What does the suffix: "itis" mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the suffix: "oma" mean? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the inflammation of the skin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the inflammation of the hair follicle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is dermatitis with boils? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What is the difference in focal and multi-focal? |
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Definition
| In one area and in many areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small, firm round mass less than 1 cm. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small nodule not containing pus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small nodule containing pus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Small raised red bump that is itchy usually from insect bites. |
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Term
| What is a urticaria(hives)? |
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Definition
| welts/wheals that are multi-focal and associated with allergic reactions. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is an allergic reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the genetic tendency to develop allergic disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are signs of Alopecia? |
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Definition
Focal alopecia that may develop into multi-focal.
Variable scaling/crusting.
Variable pruritus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ringworm, girth itch, or tinea. |
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Term
| What causes dermatophytosis? |
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Definition
Environment that is dirty or wet.
More common in winter.
Spreads easily to other horses.
The young,old, malnourished are more susceptible.
Often starts with focal abrasions.
Variable pruritic. |
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Term
| What fungus causes dermatophytosis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Treatments for dermatophytosis? |
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Definition
| Sunshine and good nutrition, Betadine bath, focal topicals:Miconazole or clotrimazole, replace everything that touches that horse. |
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Term
| What is bacterial folliculitis? |
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Definition
| Acne, heat rash, or saddle scabs/boils. |
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Term
| What causes bacterial folliculitis? |
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Definition
| Poor grooming, trauma from tack, moist/unclean environment. |
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Term
| What are signs of bacterial folliculitis? |
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Definition
| May develop papules or pustules, hair loss, ulceration over back and trunk. Variably pruritic . |
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Term
| What bacteria causes bacterial folliculitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Diagnosis of bacterial folliculitis? |
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Definition
| Clinical signs, biopsy, or culture. |
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Term
| Treatment of bacterial folliculitis? |
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Definition
| Batadine bath, topical antibacterial sprays/ointments, and systemic antibiotics: TMS, treat 5-7 days beyond resolution. |
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Term
| What is pastern dermatitis(3 forms)? |
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Definition
Scratches (mild form)
Grease heel (exudative form)
Grapes (proliferative form) |
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Term
| What causes pastern dermatitis? |
|
Definition
Moist, unclean, irritating environments.
Caused by bacterial folliculitis and sometimes fungal or autoimmune. |
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Term
| What is the diagnosis of pastern dermatitis? |
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Definition
| History, clinical signs, and culture. |
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Term
| Treatments of pastern dermatitis? |
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Definition
| Clean dry environment, topical antibacterial, anti fungal, and/or steroid ointments, antibiotics: TMS 5-7 days after resolution. |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| What causes dermatophilosis? |
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Definition
Skin trauma+moisture+exposure to carrier.
Flies and ticks may vector. |
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Term
| What are signs of dermatophilosis? |
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Definition
Thick crusty matting of hair with alopecia.
May be painful with minimal pruritus.
Usually seen in the croup, saddle area, loin, neck, pastern, and coronary band. |
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Term
| What bacteria causes dermatophilosis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Diagnosis of dermatophilosis? |
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Definition
| Clinical signs, biopsy, and culture. |
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Term
| Treatments of dermatophilosis? |
|
Definition
| Betadine bath,dry environment, topical antibacterial/steroidal ointments, systemic antibiotics: PPG: 5-7 days. NO TMS! |
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Term
| What is fly bite hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
| Summer itch or Queensland itch. |
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Term
| What causes fly bite hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
| Cullicoides: Flies and mosquitos. |
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Term
| What are signs of fly bite hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
Itching followed by papules, wheals, or crusts.
Seasonal, depending on climate.
prevalent in young horses. |
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Term
| Diagnosis of fly bite hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
History, distribution, and response to therapy.
Skin biopsy can be used. |
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Term
| Treaments for fly bite hypersensitive? |
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Definition
| Reduce insect exposure, insect repellant, Steroids: Pred, Dex, Trimcinolone. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Anemia, weakness, and loss of condition.
Itchy, Scaly, Hair loss due to rubbing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Head, neck, mane, and tail. |
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Term
|
Definition
Scaling, crusting, pruritis, and alopecia.
Kicking and stomping. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pastern, fetlock, manes, and draft breed feathers. |
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Term
| Diagnosis of lice, mange, or mites. |
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Definition
| Physical examination, distribution, and skin scraping. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Topical pyrethroid, frontline, ivermectin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Ivermectin repeat in 2 weeks. |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Hypersensitivity to pollens, molds, mites, or other environmental contageons. |
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Term
|
Definition
Papules/Hives/Nodules that may be pruritis.
Focal crust may develop. |
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Term
| Signs of hypersensitivity to feed? |
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Definition
Tail rubbing.
Hives following exercise. |
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Term
| What is the diagnosis of atopy? |
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Definition
| Ruling out other causes, Intradermal skin test, blood allergy screen, and trial elimination diet. |
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Term
| What are treatments of atopy? |
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Definition
| Eliminate allergen, steroids, antihistimines, fatty acids, hyposensitization. |
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Term
| What is another name for drug eruption? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does drug eruption happen? |
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Definition
| 1-3 weeks following initial exposure. Minutes or hours after previously exposed. |
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Term
| Drugs that commonly cause drug eruption? |
|
Definition
Penicillin
TMS
Phenybutazone
Vaccines
Oxytetracycline |
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Term
| Diagnosis of drug eruption? |
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Definition
| Rule out other causes, biopsy may/not confirm, withdraw or rechallenge the drug. |
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Term
| Treatment of drug eruption? |
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Definition
Discontinue drug
Steroids: variable response
Antihistamines: Usually ineffective. |
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Term
| What are signs of sarcoids? |
|
Definition
Focal, circular areas of alopecia w or w/o nodule
Wart-like growth
Firm, defined subcutaneous nodule
Aggressive fleshy ulcerated tumor |
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Term
| Where do you find sarcoids? |
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Definition
| Face, eyelids, groin, and sheath. |
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Term
| What horses get sarcoids? |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Wart like nodules on muzzle, distal legs, genitalia, ears, or abdomen. |
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Term
| What virus causes papillomas? |
|
Definition
| Papovirus that survives in environment with incubation time of 60 days. |
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Term
| Treatments of papillomas? |
|
Definition
Surgical, cryotherapy, electric/chemical cautery.
Isolate and disinfect property. |
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Term
| What are signs of melanoma? |
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Definition
| Hard spherical nodules that may ulcerate with black tarry discharge. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Grey horses on the anus, vulva, tail, and sheath. |
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Term
| What is Anagen/ Telogen effluvium |
|
Definition
| Widespread alopecia caused by stress. |
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Term
| What are signs of photosensitivity? |
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Definition
Redness, Crusting, swelling, and ulceration.
Variable pruritis/pain.
Affecting non-pigmented skin |
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Term
| What causes photosensitivity? |
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Definition
Ingestion, injection, or contact with photodynamic agents.
Liver damage. |
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Term
| Treatment of photosensitivity |
|
Definition
| Eliminate sunlight/source. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Destroys parasitic intestinal worms. |
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|
Term
| General signs of intestinal worms? |
|
Definition
Unthriftiness
rough hair
pot belly
slow growth
Diahrrea
Muscle wasting
Coughing
tail rubbing |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Large strongyles
Small strongyles
Ascarids
Tape worms |
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|
Term
| What is the pineal gland? |
|
Definition
Small endocrine gland of the brain that produces melatonin.
Also called the third eye. |
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Term
| What is the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
| Secretes Gonadotropin releasing hormone GnRH |
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Term
| What is the pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
Located just below the brain.
Secretes follicule stimulation hormone "FSH" and luteinizing hormone "LH" |
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Term
|
Definition
Kidney bean shaped and size varies with season.
The ovulation fossa is at the hilus of the ovary. |
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Term
| What is the ovary covered by and why does that cause pain? |
|
Definition
| Peritoneum that stretches at ovulation and causes pain. |
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Term
| What does the oviduct do? |
|
Definition
Acts as temporary reservoir for spermatozoa.
Fertilization takes place her.
Collects and nourishes the oocyte.
Incubates embryo first 5 days. |
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|
Term
| What catches the ova for transport to the remaining segments of the oviduct? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the problem with cyst in oviduct? |
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Definition
| The usually are benign but can be big enough to block. |
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|
Term
| What is the mechanical barrier for the oviduct? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The site of gestation minus the first 5 days. |
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|
Term
| How is the uterus suspended? |
|
Definition
| The mesometrical aspect of the broad ligament |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| It forms the final barrier to uterine contamination and crucial to establishing and maintaining pregnancy. |
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Term
| What happens when the vagina looses ligament support? |
|
Definition
| Sloping of the pelvis and urine pools. |
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|
Term
| What does the labia provide? |
|
Definition
| The first defense of contamination. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Ovarian follicle? |
|
Definition
| The basic unit of female reproduction where the primary oocyte develops. |
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|
Term
| What is the ovarian follicle made up of? |
|
Definition
| The egg and surrounding granuloso cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The rupture of the dominate follicle at the ovulation fossa. |
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Term
|
Definition
| It produces Progesterone. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two estrous cycles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The time the mare is in heat.
The follicular phase as estrogen production by the follicle on the ovary. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| 7 days depending on time of year. |
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Term
|
Definition
| When the mare is not in heat. |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| As melatonin goes down what does the hypothalamus make? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does GnRH signal the body to do? |
|
Definition
| Stimulates the Pituitary gland to produce gonadotrophs LH and FSH |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Stimulates granolosa cells in the ovary.
Responsible for the growth of the follicle. |
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|
Term
| What is FSH suppressed by? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
Causes ovulation and luteinization of the dominate follicle after release.
Stimulates progesterone production by the corpus luteum |
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Term
|
Definition
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
Primes the uterus
Causes estrus behavior. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits the growth of new follicles. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
The hormone of pregnancy/diestrus.
Inhibits production of LH and FSH |
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|
Term
| When does Progesterone rise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chemical produced when there is no pregnancy signal by an early embryo. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is and what is summer solstice? |
|
Definition
| June 21 and peak of breeding season. |
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|
Term
| When is and what is fall equinox? |
|
Definition
| September 21 and when mares stop going into heat. |
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|
Term
| When is and what is winter solstice? |
|
Definition
| December 21 and mares are in deepest anestrus. |
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|
Term
| When is and what is spring equinox? |
|
Definition
| March 21 and spring transition for mares. |
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|
Term
| What is anestrus caused by? |
|
Definition
| The recreation of melatonin. |
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|
Term
| Why do they breed mares out of their normal season? |
|
Definition
| To get bigger babies to show/race. |
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|
Term
| How do you make artificial light bring a mare into heat? |
|
Definition
Start no later than 60 days before you want to cycle so usually dec.1st.
You need 16 hrs of light with light added at the end of the day. |
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|
Term
| When you administer prostaglandin when will the come into heat and then ovulate? |
|
Definition
| 4-5 days for heat and 7 to 10 days for ovulation. |
|
|
Term
| What are two injectable prostaglandins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Dinoprost Tromethamine.
A natural prostaglandin. |
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|
Term
| What are side effects of lutalyse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A synthetic prostaglandin. |
|
|
Term
| What does inducing ovulation do? |
|
Definition
Shortens window from breeding to ovulation.
Minimizes multiple inseminations per cycle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| human Chorionic Gonadotropin |
|
|
Term
| When does ovulation occur in hCG? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A GnRH analog that causes a spike in LH |
|
|
Term
| When does ovulation occur with deslorelin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do we use estrus suppression for? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| What does regumate do and why is it special? |
|
Definition
| Suppression of estrus and you can still measure the natural progesterone in the mare. |
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|
Term
| What are Altrenogest Microspheres? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a semi-permanant estrus suppression? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are permanent estrus suppressions? |
|
Definition
| Ovariectomy(through the flank) and Colpotomy(through the vagina) |
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