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Test 1
lecture 1-5
24
Veterinary Medicine
Professional
02/04/2015

Additional Veterinary Medicine Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
3 different types of hormones
Definition
1. autocrine- acts on self
2. paracrine- acts on neighbor cells
3. endocrine- acts on organs far away
Term
basic functions of hormones
Definition
1. maintain homeostasis (BP, fluid state, mineral and electrolypes)
2. energy balance (basal metabolic rate, glucose, lipid metabolism)
Term
difference between hyper and hypo functional glands
Definition
hyper- over release of hormones
hypo- under release of hormones
Term
primary vs. secondary vs. tertiary problem
Definition
primary- something is wrong with organ itself
secondary- problem caused by something else
tertiary- something is wrong with step before previous step
Term
what test do you use for hypofunction
Definition
assay for hormone presence
stimulation test
Term
what tests do you use for hyperfunction
Definition
assay for hormone presence
suppression test
Term
what is a hormonal assay and give an example
Definition
basal hormonal measurement
T4
Term
what are paired assessments and expamples
Definition
assess multiple hormones in a pathway (fT4, TSH), simultaneous measurement of trigger and response
Term
what are Dynamic assessments and examples
Definition
stimulation testing (to diagnose hypo function; reserve and response capacity) and suppression testing (to diagnose hyper function; negative feedback loops)
Term
difference between normal vs abnormal and appropriate vs. inappropreiate
Definition
recognize the normal varies from animal to animal and just because an individuals levels don't fall in the normal range, doesn't mean that it is inappropriate for that animal
Term
what hormonal mechanism maintains water balance
Definition
pituitary releases ADH/ vasopressin which acts on the distal convoluted tubules so they can adjust the medullary gradient to absorb or secrete water
Term
renal functions/ factors that contribute to urine concentration/ dilution
Definition
-adequate number of nephrons and tubular function
-hypertonic medullary gradient
- responsive collecting ducts
Term
what are the limits for polyuria and polydipsia
Definition
100mL/kg/d is polydipsia
50mL/kg/d is polyuria
Term
common cuses of PU/PD in cats and dogs
Definition
cats-
1. chronic kidney disease
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Hyperthyroidism
Dog-
1. Hyperadrenocorticism
2. diabetes mellitus
3. CKD
Term
what are the three classes of hyper tension?
Definition
1. White coat hypertension- anxiety induced increase in BP; may or may not have outward signs
2. secondary hypertension- caused by something else that NOT vasculature
3. primary Hypertension- idiopathic; problem is in the vasculature
Term
most common causes of hypertension
Definition
hyperadrenocortisism
renal dz
hyperthyroidism
diabetes mellitus
Term
Less common and rare causes of hypertension
Definition
less common:
hepatic dz
exogenous therapy
rare:
polycythemis vera
pheochromocytoma
chronic anemia
Term
mechanism of EOD in kidneys
Definition
increase in systemic BP-> increase in glomerular pressure-> increase in protein leakage-> nephrotoxicity and ongoing damage
Term
Mechanism of EOD in Heart
Definition
Blood is pumping harder-> increases workload on heart-> heart failure
Term
Mechanism of EOD in Brain
Definition
increased BP forces mor blood in than can come out which leads to abnormal vasculature, seizures, focal deficits, lethargy, altered mentation,
Term
mechanism of EOD in eye
Definition
increased BP-> overwhelms small vessels of the eye->retinopathy; acute blindness and separation of retina
Term
causes of primary hypothroidism
Definition
congenital thyroid gland agenesis/dysgenesis
dyshormonogenesis
dietary iodinr deficency
goitrogen ingestion
Term
causes of secondary hypothyroidism
Definition
decrease in pituitary secretion TSH secretion
neoplasia
pituitary supression
illness/ malnutrition
congenital
Rathke's pouch
ADH
Term
mechanism of hypothyroid signs
Definition
decrease in basal metabolic rate:
can't make their own heat so they seek warmth
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