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| The Mexican Revolutionary who made a number of raids on US territory near Mexican Boarder. -burn't columbus down to get US attention - Wilson responded bu ordering general John J Black (Black Jack) Pershing to go into Mexico |
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| Archduke of Austria Hungarian empire in 1914--assassinated -led to a series of wars that evolved every major power in Europe |
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| battle ship sunk by German Submarine.."fastest boat afloat during her time" |
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| intercepted telegram from Germany to Mexico -it was about if Mexico would war with the US then Germany would help them recover their lost territory. |
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| Wilson chose this muckraking journalist to head the government agency, the Committee on Public Information (CPI). The CPI placed pro-war advertisements in magazines and distributed 75 million copies of pamphlets defending America's role in the war. Creel also launched a massive advertising campaign for war bonds and sent some 75,000 "Four-Minute Men" to whip up enthusiasm for the war by rallying audiences in theaters. |
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| Committee on Public Information |
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| placed pro war advertisements in magazines and distributed 75 million copies of pamphlets defending American's role in war |
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| gvmt agency WWI that coordinated the purchase of military supplies - encouraged companies to use mass production to increase efficiency -conducted psychological testing |
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| Espionage and Sedition Acts |
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| legislation passed during the first world war to silence any and all criticism of the government's war effort |
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-arrested for espionage and sedition acts
-over a million votes in 1912 election |
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| American Civil Liberties Union |
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| provided legal advice and aid for conscientious objectors and those being prosecuted under the Espionage Act of 1917 or the Sedition act of 1918. |
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| -ordered foreign radicals rounded up for deportation -red scare -palmer raids |
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| end of WWI accompanied by a panic over political radicalism. Fear of bombs, communism, and labor unrest |
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| raids led on leftsit organizations such as Communitst Party and radical labor union...claimed to be ridding the county of immoral perverts and hysterical neurasthenic women who abound in communism |
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| The Republican Ascendancy |
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| a time period where three republican candidates maintained the presidency. |
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1921-1933- 3 Republican presidents.
US senator from Ohio his presidency was a series of scandals. he pardoned the socialist party leader Eugene V Debs and pursued the steal industry to end the 12 hr work day and change to 8 hr. also slowed down arms race and began republican ascendancy. |
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| Vice President, but became president after Harding's death. -had come to national attention in 1919, when, as governor of Massachusetts -nickname was "Silent Cal." |
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| Republican president after Coolidge- unemployment increased- uncaring, stubborn individualist -defeated Al Smith, a wealthy mining engineer who had served as commerce secretary for both Presidents Harding and Coolidge. -Hoovervilles |
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| American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist.-first person to fly nonstop across the Atlantic from New York to Paris in 1928, |
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| The policy of keeping a society ethnically homogenous. -immigration restriction |
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| Law that restricted immigration to 2 percent for any given nationality, based on the total amounts from the 1890 census. Use of the 1890 census effectively restricted immigrants from eastern and southern Europe. |
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| n 1920, two Atlanta publicists, Edward Clarke, a former Atlanta journalist, and Bessie Tyler, a former madam, took over an organization that had formed to promote World War I fund drives. At that time, the organization had 3,000 members. In three years they built it into the Southern Publicity Association, a national organization with three million members. After the war, they bolstered membership in the Klan by giving Klansman part of the $10 induction fee of every new member they signed up. - wanted equality. |
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| Protestant fundamentalism |
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| said to have started with a set of twelve pamphlets-introduced 37 anti-evolution bills into 20 state legislaturesbacklash against modernism, secularism, and scientific teachings that contradicted their religious beliefs. Early fundamentalist doctrine attacked competing religions--especially Catholicism |
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| 1925- arrested for teaching Darwin's theory of evolution- Trial of the Century - Scopes' Trial |
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| Wilson appointed him as secretary of state.65 years old and a three time Democratic presidential nominee, prosecuted Clarence Darrow |
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| a staunch agnostic and who had defended Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb the year before, represented the defense for Scopes trial (John Scopes) |
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Shanty towns of the Great Depression, named after President Herbert
Hoover |
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| Reconstruction Finance Corporation |
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| (1932)Hoover created this to help save the banking and railroad systems. Loans offered under the program funded public works projects and the first federally-supported housing projects. Originally intended to combat the Depression, the RFC lasted 21 years and was authorized to finance public works projects, provide loans to farmers and victims of natural disasters, and assist school districts. |
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| In 1932 received the Democratic presidential nomination.- polio- New Deal |
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| took place in the summer of 1932 virtually assured Roosevelt's election. By then, the unemployment rate had reached 23.6 percent. Over 12 million were jobless (out of a labor force of 51 million). Some 20,000 World War I veterans and their families marched on Washington. Their purpose was to pressure Congress into voting for immediate payment of a veteran’s bonus earmarked for 1945. |
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| Roosevelt pushed 15 major bills through Congress. The bills would reshape every aspect of the economy, from banking and industry to agriculture and social welfare. |
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| closed all banks. In just four days, his aides drafted the Emergency Banking Relief Act which permitted solvent banks to reopen under government supervision, and allowed the RFC to buy the stock of troubled banks and to keep them open until they could be reorganized. |
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| National Industrial Recovery ACt |
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| the first major attempt to plan and regulate the economy |
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| Agricultural Adjustment Act |
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| the nation's first system of agricultural price and production supports |
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| a governmental subsidy paid to farmers and agribusinesses to supplement their income, manage the supply of agricultural commodities, and influence the cost and supply of such commodities. |
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a Catholic priest from Detroit
-early supporter but turned sour on the new deal, most influential religious leader in the Us blamed depression on greedy bankers lawyers and presidents. talked on the radio challenged FDR to solve crisis by nationalizing banks and inflating the currency formed national union for social justice. |
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Louisiana senator;-
-"kingfish" -improved public schools and state spending. attacked the big oil companies "share our wealth" programs to make everyone king, viewed new deal as too conservative. |
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a retired California physician.
-involved in public health, dawned on him what is happening to elderly Americans, elders can save economy, did a private survey and created social securities act |
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| Social Security Act of 1935 |
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| a goal of reformers since the Progressive Era, aimed to alleviate the plight of America's visibly poor--the elderly, dependent children, and the handicapped. A major political victory for Roosevelt. Financed by the federal government and the states, the act offered workers age 65 or older monthly stipends based on previous earnings, |
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| gained power in Germany by exploiting the psychological injuries inflicted on Germans by World War I. Tapping into an ugly strain of anti-Semitism in German culture, he blamed many of the nation's economic woes on German Jews, who only constituted one percent of Germany's population |
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| December 7, 1941 -Japanese torpedo bombers, flying just 50 feet above the water, launched torpedoes at the docked American warships. |
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| continued new deal policies -authorized the largest public works project in the history of the world. The president had been impressed by Hitler's autobahns and believed that a national system of highways was necessary to move troops and military equipment and to provide evacuation routes during national emergencies. |
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| a guest worker program bringing temporary agricultural workers into the United States from Mexico. |
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| During World War II, the federal government ordered 120,000 Japanese-Americans who lived on the West coast to leave their homes and live in 10 large relocation camps (see Internment Map) in remote, desolate areas, surrounded by barbed wire and armed guards. Two-thirds were native-born American citizens. |
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| a strong, competent factory worker in overalls and bandanna.emphasized the importance of “woman power. |
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| motivation tool used by African Americans during WW2 , they wanted complete emancipation, launched by pittsburgh courier (black newspaper) black newspapers "victory at home victory abroad" support war effort but fight for civil rights. |
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| the top-secret program to develop an atomic bomb. |
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Fifty years after the United States ended World War II by dropping two atomic bombs on Japan
-bombed first on August 6th - |
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Fifty years after the United States ended World War II by dropping two atomic bombs on Japan
-bombed three days after Hiroshima on August 9th. |
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