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TCN A&P Ch. 10
The Blood
57
Anatomy
Professional
03/18/2012

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Term
Agranular leukocytes
Definition
White blood cells belonging to the specific immune system.
Term
Antigens
Definition
They can be recognized and bound by antibodies.
Term
Anemia
Definition
A condition in which the numbers of circulating red blood cells are reduced, or their content of hemoglobin is inadequate, reducing the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.
Term
Beta Thalassemia
Definition
A genetic disease in which the synthesis of hemoglobin may be impaired.
Term
Antibodies
Definition
The chemical agents of the specific immune system.
Term
Agglutination
Definition
Clumping of the transfused red cells caused by antibody binding.
Term
ABO antigens
Definition
For these antigens, one’s body automatically possesses antibodies against those antigens that one’s own blood cells do not possess.
Term
Bilirubin
Definition
A greenish yellow pigment that results from the conversion of hemoglobin released in the course of destruction of red blood cells.
Term
Clot retraction
Definition
The result of gradual contraction of the fibrin threads that make up the clot.
Term
Coagulate
Definition
The ability of blood to clot.
Term
Capillary filtration
Definition
The mechanism of generation of interstitial fluid from plasma.
Term
Clotting factors
Definition
A series of plasma proteins involved in hemostasis that form fibrin from the plasma protein fibrinogen at the site of an injury.
Term
Clot
Definition
A more permanent plug, or thrombus, produced during the process of hemostasis.
Term
Erythrocyte
Definition
Red blood cell.
Term
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Definition
A condition in which the destruction of mature red cells causes a form of hemolytic anemia marked by the appearance of immature, nucleated red cells in the newborn’s blood.
Term
Fibrinogen
Definition
A plasma protein specifically involved in forming blood clots.
Term
Extrinsic pathway
Definition
In hemostasis, the pathway initiated by chemical factors released by damaged cells, and involves activation of Factor VII leading to activation of Factor X and association of Factor X and Factor V to form a prothrombin activator complex.
Term
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Definition
The rate at which the red cells fall to the bottom of a tube of blood simply through the effect of gravity.
Term
Fibrinolysis
Definition
Clot breakdown in the healing process.
Term
Erythropoietin
Definition
A hormone responsive to the oxygenation state of tissues that influences the formation of red cells.
Term
Gamma globulins
Definition
A fraction of the globulins that consists specifically of antibodies, a major type of recognition protein of the immune system.
Term
Globulins
Definition
Plasma proteins.
Term
Formed elements
Definition
Cells, although most of them (the red blood cells) lack a nucleus, that sink to the bottom of the centrifuge tube, if a sample of blood is centrifuged.
Term
Granulocytes
Definition
White blood cells that are agents of the nonspecific immune system.
Term
Hemocytoblast
Definition
The stem cell for all blood cell types.
Term
Hemoglobin
Definition
The pigment that gives blood its red color.
Term
Icterus
Definition
An excess of bilirubin, giving the skin and sclera of the eyes a yellow tinge.
Term
Hemostasis
Definition
A process that prevents or minimizes blood loss by plugging injured vessels until healing can occur.
Term
Hemorrhage
Definition
An acute loss of blood from the circulatory system.
Term
Hemolytic anemias
Definition
Anemias in which the rate of destruction of red cells may be increased.
Term
hematocrit
Definition
The fraction of blood volume occupied by red cells.
Term
Intrinsic pathway
Definition
The pathway initiated by trauma to the blood itself or by exposure to an abnormal surface, such as glass or collagen, leads to a cascade of factors that terminates in the formation of the prothrombin activator complex.
Term
Monocyte
Definition
Agranular lymphocytes that leave the circulation and enter tissues where they transform into macrophages.
Term
Lymphocytes
Definition
The cells of the specific immune system, which is able to identify and direct an attack against foreign substances, microbial invaders, and other nonself materials that the body has met with previously.
Term
Jaundice
Definition
An excess of bilirubin, giving the skin and sclera of the eyes a yellow tinge.
Term
Megakaryocyte
Definition
A large nucleated cell involved in the genesis of platelets.
Term
Leukocyte
Definition
White blood cell.
Term
Macrophages
Definition
Scavenger cells that phagocytize dead cells, bacteria, and other foreign materials.
Term
Iron-deficiency anemia
Definition
A genetic disease in which the synthesis of hemoglobin may be impaired.
Term
Plasminogen
Definition
An inactive plasma protein that is incorporated into clots to digest fibrin.
Term
Prothrombin
Definition
A plasma protein.
Term
Polycythemia
Definition
An excess of red blood cells.
Term
Platelets
Definition
The smallest of the formed elements, only 1–2 microns in diameter. They are the cellular component of the process of hemostasis.
Term
Red blood cells
Definition
A component of the blood.
Term
Plasma
Definition
The clear straw-colored fluid component of blood, consisting of about 92 percent water, about 7 percent protein, and about 1 percent salts, of which the major one is NaCl. It also contains various materials being transported, including the gases O2 and CO2, nutrients, wastes, and hormones.
Term
Primary immune response
Definition
A reaction to a transfusion of blood that occurs between genetically different individuals.
Term
Serum
Definition
Resulting from the removal of the proteins involved in clotting, it is a more stable form of plasma that may be used medicinally as a source of gamma globulins.
Term
Rh system
Definition
A second form of blood type. Roughly one-sixth of the U.S. population lacks the Rh antigen (is Rh negative), and therefore is able to mount a primary immune response against it. By itself, this fact is not different from the situation with many other blood group antigens. However, the antiRh antibody, like many other antibodies present in the mother’s blood, can cross the placental barrier between mother and fetus and attack fetal red cells.
Term
Sickle cell anemia
Definition
A genetic disease in which the synthesis of hemoglobin may be impaired.
Term
Specific gravity
Definition
The ratio between the weight of the liquid and that of an equal volume o
Term
Rhogam
Definition
A preparation of antiRh antibodies that prevents erythroblastosis.
Term
Viscosity
Definition
A measure of the fluid’s resistance to flow.
Term
Thrombin
Definition
A plasma protein that converts fibrinogen into fibrin.
Term
Thrombus
Definition
A clot.
Term
Thrombocytes
Definition
Platelets.
Term
Tissue thromboplastins
Definition
Chemical factors released by damaged cells that initiate the extrinsic pathway.
Term
White blood cells
Definition
A component of blood that includes granulocytes and agranular leukocytes.
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