Shared Flashcard Set

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TCC PTA
Fetal Development
24
Anatomy
Professional
01/29/2012

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How long is normal gestation?
Definition
37-40 weeks
Term
What is Placenta Previa?
Definition

If the blastocyst is embedded too inferiorly in the uterus, the placenta may cover the cervix and interfere with delivery. The placenta may also be attatched too loosely which could cause bleeding issues.

 

Implantation occurs Week 2

 

Problems tend to be seen during 3rd trimester

Term
When do Dorsal Induction Defects occur?
Definition
3-4 weeks gestation
Term
Examples of Dorsal Induction Defects
Definition

Encephalocele

Meningocele

Meningomyelocele

Spina Bifida Oculta

Arnold-Chiara Malformation

Anencephaly

Term
When does the neural tube fuse normally?
Definition
Day 28 of gestation
Term
What is the sequence of formation for limbs?
Definition

Upper limbs form slightly faster than Lower

 

small swellings (UE Day26-27, LE Day 28)

paddle shape (UE Day 32, LE Day 36)

hand/foot plates (UE Day 36, LE Week 6)

digital rays (UE early Week 7, LE end Week 7)

webbed digits (UE Day 51, LE Day 52)

digits separated (UE Day 52, LE Day 56)

almost relative length (UE Month 3, LE Month 4)

Term
Development of the Cardiovascular system
Definition

heart tube - begins by end of Week 3 gestation and connects with blood vessels

primitive heart - 1 atrium, 1 ventricle by end of week 3  

heartbeat - Day 21/22 gestation

complete heart - partitioning of atrioventricular canal, atrium & vetricle begins middle Week 4, complete by end of Week 5

sinoatrial node development - Week 5 gestation

Term
Where/when are blood cells formed?
Definition

Liver - beginning of 9th week gestation

 

Spleen - takes over by end of 12 week gestation, decreasing by 28 weeks gestation

 

Bone Marrow - takes over as spleen slows down, around Week 28 gestation

Term
When do Ventral Induction Defects occur?
Definition
Weeks 5-6 gestation
Term
Identify some Ventral Induction Defects
Definition

Holoprosencephaly

Craniofacial Defects

Amelia - Thalidomide issues (1957-1962)

Meromelia

 

Term
Intestines development...
Definition

Development - Week 4 germinal layers divide, migrate and differentiate to form organ systems

Herniation - intestines located in the proximal portion of umbilical cord

Return to abdominal cavity by 11th gestational week

If not....Prune Belly Syndrome

Term
What is surfactant and when do the lungs start producing?
Definition

Surfactant keeps the walls of the alveoli from sticking together, so they can inflate with air

 

It starts being produced in the lungs by 24 weeks

 

Preemies born before 24 weeks need synthetic surfactant to keep their alveoli from sticking together

Term
What is oligohydramnios?
Definition

Oligohydramnios is a a condition of too little amniotic fluid. It can be caused by too little production or a leaking amniotic sack. It tends to occur 3rd trimester, but can happen any time.

 

Term
When do Neuronal Migration Defects occur?
Definition
3-6 months of gestation
Term
What happens during Neuronal Migration Defects?
Definition
Differentiation of stem cells into neurons/glial cells and their migration to cortex and organization into functional layers
Term
Examples of Neuronal Migration Defects
Definition

Schizencephaly - abnormal splits/clefts

Lissencephaly - smooth cortex (no gyri/sulci)

Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum  - doesn't form

Dandy-Walker Malformation - small cerebellum,

large fourth ventricle

 

Term
When do myelination defects occur?
Definition
Myelination begins early in the 3rd trimester and continues through 2 years of age
Term
Name some myelination defects
Definition

Cerebral Hypoplasia

Leukodytrophies

no myelin

delayed myelin

Term
What is vernix caseosa?
Definition

Vernix caseosa is a greasy, cheese like material made from fatty secretions and dead ipidermal cells.

Its function is to protect the fetal skin from abrasions, chapping, hardening while it is being bathed in amniotic fluid

Term
What is Languno?
Definition
Languno is fine downy hair that covers the fetus starting at about 20 weeks gestation.
Term
What is brown fat?
Definition

Brown fat begins forming during the 5th month of gestation.

It is the site of heat production which occurs by oxidizing fatty acids.

It is found at the root of neck, posterior to sternum & perineal area

Term
When is a fetus considered viable?
Definition
A fetus may be viable at 21 weeks gestation with significant medical support 
Term
What is meconium aspiration and how is it treated?
Definition

This problem tends to occur more often with full term babies. The first intestinal discharges are aspirated in the amniotic fluid by the fetus as a result of fetal hypoxic distress.

Treatment is to put the infant on an ECMO (Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation). It is a lung bypass machine...oxygenates blood outside of the baby's body while giving the baby a chance to process the meconium

Term
What gestational age is at greater risk for developing CP?
Definition

Late pre-term (34-36 weeks)

 

They are more at risk for brain bleeds, and 3x more likely to develop CP and developmental delays than full term.

 

Grade II or IV Germinal Matrix bleed may cause CP

 

Recommended to avoid elective C-section until the 39th week of gestation

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