Shared Flashcard Set

Details

TC 243 Mid Term
MSU TC 243 Mid Term
57
Computer Networking
Undergraduate 2
03/01/2010

Additional Computer Networking Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Conflict
Definition
The crux of any story. Conflicts are what drive a character’s actions. Conflict can be emotional or physical, internal or external.
Term
Plot
Definition
the storyline; the events that make up the story.
Term
Tone
Definition
1. the overall feeling a story imparts, the mood. Tone can be serious, comical, dark, lighthearted, mysterious, uplifting, etc. Considering the desired tone effects each chosen element of the story.
2. In music, a pitch
Term
Juxtaposition
Definition
Literally, putting something side by side for comparison or contrast. In an image, juxtaposing elements leads the viewer to consider each in relation to the other.
Term
Frequency
Definition
number of cycles of compression and rarefaction per second, measured in hertz (Hz), or megaHerz (mHz). Frequency determines pitch (low frequency is low pitch, high frequency is high pitch).
Human Range is 20-20,000 hertz
Term
Amplitude
Definition
the height of a sound wave, which determines its loudness. The higher the amplitude, the louder the sound.
Term
Timbre
Definition
the attribute of sound that distinguishes specific sounds from each other. The timbre of a human voice, a trumpet and a saxophone are different, even when they are at the same pitch. Also known as tone quality or tonecolor. Mostly a product of overtones beyond the fundamental frequency.
Term
Attack
Definition
the speed at which a sound reaches full volume.
Term
Decay
Definition
how quickly a sound drops back down.
Term
Stereo
Definition
sound which is transmitted by 2 speakers (channel one and channel two) each presenting a different set of sounds. Creates the impression of spaciousness, position, and movement in the soundscape. Requires more than one mic in the field (or a stereo mic)
Term
Phase
Definition
time relationship between two or more sound waves at a given point in the cycle. In phase increases amplitude, and out of phase decreases amplitude
Term
Inverse Square Law of Sound
Definition
intensity varies with the square of the distance. This implies: 1. get the mic as close as possible 2. Moving a mic a little makes a big difference
Term
Ambience
Definition
pervading atmosphere of a space, sometimes a psychological feeling. Ambient sounds are the noises present in an environment.
Term
Signal to Noise Ratio
Definition
a comparison between the strength of “signal” (the electrical strength) to the “noise” (noise present in the electronic system). A high signal to noise ratio is necessary to produce clear and present sound.
Term
Direct Sound
Definition
sound directly from the source. Obtaining a higher amount of direct sound than indirect sound is highly important in audio recording.
Term
Indirect Sound
Definition
also called reflected sound. This is direct sound bounced off a surface. The further the microphone is away from the source of the sound, the more indirect sound is recorded.
Term
Reverberation
Definition
the collection of reflected sounds from surfaces in an environment. While some reverberation makes a sound livelier and gives it atmosphere, too much reverberation makes sounds run together and become unclear.
Term
Close Perspective Sound
Definition
has a high ratio of direct sound to reflected sound.
Term
Distant Perspective Sound
Definition
has a high ratio of reflected sound to direct sound.
Term
Melody
Definition
a sequence of notes of differing durations. The line of a musical piece; the tune. It’s what we remember most from music.
Term
Harmony
Definition
simultaneous sounding of two or more tones; can be consonant or dissonant; harmony can also happen in sequence, and is part of melody.
Term
Consonance
Definition
complementary harmony. Sounds agreeable, settled. Resolves tension.
Term
Dissonance
Definition
uncomplementary tones. Can sound disharmonious, unresolved. Builds tension.
Term
Texture
Definition
the interweaving of melody, timbre, and harmony. Subjective terms used to describe the feeling of the music, i.e. “dense, airy, oppressive, light, hard, coarse”
Term
Dynamic Range
Definition
the range between the soft and loud parts of a musical piece. Rock and Pop usually has a very low dynamic range, compared to symphonic arrangements. Live orchestra concerts can have very high dynamic range.
Term
Crescendo
Definition
going from soft to loud.
Term
Diminuendo (decrescendo)
Definition
Going from loud to soft
Term
Phrasing
Definition
the shaping of a musical line with accents, rhythm and tone.
Term
Pickup Pattern
Definition
a pattern of a microphone’s sensitivity from different directions: Types include Omni-directional, Bi-Directional or Figure of Eight, Cardoid, Hyper Cardioid, and Super Cardioid.
Term
Transducer
Definition
generally, something that converts one form of energy into another. A microphone’s transducer type is the device that converts the sound into electricity for recording. These include Condenser, Electret, Moving Coil, Ribbon, Crystal, and others.
Term
Diagetic Sound
Definition
Sound that is logically heard during a scene, including dialogue, music and sound effects corresponding to what we see on screen.
Term
Non-Diagetic Sound
Definition
sound that is not logically heard during the scene. Most music is non-diagetic, as are some examples of mood-enhancing sound effects that are not logically part of the scene.
Term
Proximity Effect
Definition
a principle of sound that tells the listener psychologically how far away a sound is. In addition to being louder, a close sound is much different than a far sound—this is the proximity effect. Sounds can be recorded close and altered to appear in a different “location” in the soundscape.
Term
Narrative Meaning
Definition
meaning behind the stories we tell
Term
Cinematic Story Telling
Definition
manipulates emotions
plot and character
Term
Universal Mirror
Definition
Through "story" we can transcend the experience of
daily living and know ourselves as more enduring
than the little occurrences than mark our individual
existences.
Term
Non-Traditional Story Telling
Definition
No narrator--no one to tell us how to experience the
story
•Wants to reflect the complexity of life
•Where we make the choices
•Manipulate/choose
•characters, concepts, place, colors, date/time,
excitement level
•Interactive Storytelling
Term
To use sound properly, and fully realize it's power, we need to do the following
Definition
listen

understand basics of sound and
hearing

understand sound's fundamental effects on human communication

understand the recording/playback
process

know what is good sound
Term
What is good listening
Definition
paying attention to all sounds

perceiving the sounds
Term
Pay Attention To
Definition
Foreground
Background
characteristics
source
Term
Characteristics
Definition
pitch, loudness, timbre, attack, decay, duration, tempo, rhythm.
Term
WHAT IS SOUND
Definition
Sound Wave

vibration of air molecules

compression + rarefaction = one cycle

travels 1,075 feet per second in air

cycles = frequency
Term
Octaves
Definition
tonal ratio of 2:1
ie, 20 to 40 hz = one octave
human range about ten octaves
Term
Frequency Ranges
Definition
Low Bass 20-80 hz--1st 2 octaves
Upper Bass 80-320 hz--3rd and 4th
octaves
Mid range 320--2560 hz--5, 6, 7 th
octaves
Upper Midrange 2560-5120--8th
octave--our most sensitive range
Treble 5120-20,000 hz--9 and 10th
octaves
Term
Harmonics
Definition
1st harmonic--longest wavelength--fundamental

2nd harmonic--1/2 wavelength, 2 x frequency--1st overtone

3rd harmonic --1/3 wavelength, 3x frequency--2nd overtone

fundamental determines the note we hear

upper harmonics determine the “timbre”
Term
Amplitude and Loudness
Definition
Amplitude measured in dB

range for humans 0 (threshold of hearing) to 120 (pain) and beyond

if signal too low--noise introduced
signal too high--distortion
Term
Music
Definition
pitch, loudness, tempo, tone color, and
envelope
Term
Texture
Definition
delicate, coarse, dense, airy, brittle,
Term
Functions of Music in Storytelling
Definition
Establish Locale
Symbolic
Depict identity or personality
Lyrics as Narrator
Emphasize or intensify action
Provide counterpoint - platoon style
Unifying transition
Evoke Atmosphere, Feeling, Mood
Term
Sound Effects
Definition
More than just the sounds of a scene
layers of meaning
can reveal
can suggest
can hide/disguise
can establish
can be tied to specific event or character
Term
Sound Effects
Definition
More than just the sounds of a scene
layers of meaning
can reveal
can suggest
can hide/disguise
can establish
can be tied to specific event or character
Term
Direct Narration
Definition
Storyteller
Straight news report
Term
Indirect Narration
Definition
action or sound of a scene tells us what is happening
Term
Contrapuntal Narration
Definition
juxtaposes narration and action

Poetic, letter-like lines

makes a composite statement not present or explicit in either element

Explains inner thoughts and feelings
Term
Interpretation
Definition
Accent - location, social class, origin
Pace -
Patterns - sentence structure
Emphasis - stress a syllable or word
Term
Microphones
Definition
Carbon - cheap and most common
Crystal and Ceramic - fragile
Dynamic Ribbon - Elvis style
Dynamic moving coil - most popular
Studio Condenser - Fragile Expensive
Electric Condenser - lavalier
Term
Speakers
Definition
large diameter - woofer
medium diameter - mid range
small diameters - tweeters
Supporting users have an ad free experience!