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| ended the French and Indian War between England and France |
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| ended the American Revolution with England |
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| changes or additions to the constitution |
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changes that can be made to the constitution in 2 ways: 1st: Constitutional by 2/3 vote House and Senate
2nd: 3/4 vote of state legislatures |
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| everyone is entitled to be treated equally under the law |
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| the idea that the Supreme Court has the right to review all laws made by Congress est. by Marbury and Madison |
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| economic system in which England makes a profit from trade of the colonies |
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| established a system for adding new territories and states 1 positive of Articles of Conf. |
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| a government in which the people have the power through voting |
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| a high tariff established to protect Northern industry |
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| idea that the power of the states should not be trampled on by time national government |
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| English agreement that guaranteed certain rights to all Englishmen: influenced the American Bill of Rights' protections of individual rights |
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| Signed by many pilgrims; they agreed to create a new government and follow its laws: helped establish the idea of self-government |
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| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut (1639) ---1st written constitution--- government created in Connecticut that gave the vote to all men who were property owners and limited the power of the governor |
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| Influential Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine; it urged Americans to declare their independence |
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| Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) |
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| Written by Thomas Jefferson; announced separation of colonies from England |
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| Articles of Confederation (1781-1789) |
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| First US government; it was eventually a failure because it created a national government that was too weak |
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| Constitution (Written in 1787) |
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| Written plan of government for the American system of government |
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| Bill of Rights (adopted in 1791) |
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| First 10 amendments of the Constitution: guarantees individual rights |
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| said that Supreme Court had the right to review all laws made by Congress; established the idea of Judicial Review; made Supreme Court more powerful |
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| said that African Americans were not citizens of the US and said that Missouri Compromise unconstitutional; increased sectionalism |
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| wrote THE STAR SPANGLED BANNER after watching the battle of Fort McHenry during the War of 1812 |
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| UNCLE TOM'S CABIN, 1852, novel that depicts the cruelties of slavery; it increased antislavery sentiment in the north |
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| Author; believed in transcendentalism and civil rights; practiced Civil Disobedience |
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| a system of government that gives power to the people through elected representatives |
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| John Peter Zenger (1697-1746) |
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| Journalist; his trial helped establish the idea of Freedom of the Press |
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| 1676 revolt against colonial authority |
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| people who opposed ratification of the constitution |
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| the separation of power between the 3 branches of government |
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| Henry Clay's 1815 plan to make the US economically self sufficient |
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| slanted or one-sided information about an event |
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| conflict between proslavery and anti-slavery people in Kansas 1854-1859 |
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| conflict between British and colonists |
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| each of three branches of government limits the power of the others |
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| a group of emigrants or their descendants who settle in a distant territory but remain under the control of the parent country |
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| an area ruled by another country |
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| the southern states the seceded |
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| first battle of Civil War |
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| First official battle of the American Revolution; "Don't fire till you see the whites of their eyes." |
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| the desire to purchase a good or service and the quantity buyers will take at a certain price |
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| prevents ships from leaving or entering a port |
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| to do with one's own homeland |
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| a group of voters chosen by each state that elect the President and Vice-President |
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| process of re-admitting southern states into the Union |
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| the idea that knowledge, reason, and science could improve society. Led to interest in science in American Ben Franklin's lightening rod |
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| historical period identified by an important characteristic |
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| a system of sharing power between the states and the national government |
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| an economic system that has few government restrictions (little gov. control) |
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| the "mother country" for the 13 colonies; country we fought for independence |
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| pride of patriotism for one's country as a whole...felt during the Era of Good Feelings after the War of 1812 |
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| group of people who moved West to avoid religious persecution |
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| Lexington and Concord (1775) |
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| first shots of the American Revolution; "The shot heard 'round the world'-Ralph Waldo Emerson |
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| everyone, even elected officials, obey the laws |
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| loyal to England during American Revolution |
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| machine that made harvesting crops easier and cheaper; reduced labor on farms. Investor Cyrus McCormick |
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| land in SW (California, and New Mexico given up my Mexico in 1848 after the Mexican war) |
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| journey of captured Africans to the New World to be sold as slaves |
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| Representative Government |
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| system of government in which officials are elected in order to represent the interests of the voters |
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| 1777, turning point of American Revolution because American troops won France decided to help (where we connect with France) |
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| land that formed the states of Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois |
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| "No taxation without representation" |
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| rallying cry for colonists who wanted rep. in Parliament. Britain believed (passed) taxes against the colonists to get back some of the money they had spent on the French and Indian War. the colonists responded with protests and boycotts) #1 form of colonial protest |
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| declare something worthless as in nullification crisis |
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| division of government into three branches |
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| secret society who organized colonial protests before the American Revolution: ex: Sam Adams and Patrick Henry |
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| laws regulated treatment of slaves |
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| withdrawal of southern states from the Union |
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| 1848 Womens' Rights Meeting |
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| 1828 Tariff that made the southerners angry |
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| people who thought that drinking alcohol was wrong |
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| trails followed by pioneers moving west; California Trail, Mormon trail ended at Salt Lake, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail |
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| plan of government that the constitutional convention considered in which larger states would have more representation in congress |
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| 1781 General Washington forced the surrender of British General Cornwallis ending the American Revolution |
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| 1797 incident in which French officials demanded a bribe from US diplomats |
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| movement to get women the right to vote, have property, practice medicine & law, and keep wages. The Declaration of Sentiments said "all men and all women are equal" Leaders: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott |
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| 1863 South lost control of Mississippi River |
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| bloody footprints ; winter camp of General Washington sand the American army where troops did not have proper supplies |
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| forced Journey by Cherokee Indians in 1838-1839 from their lands in the east to the west |
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| said that fed. govmt. (not state governments) had the power to regulate trade between the states; increased power of national govmt |
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| said that a state could not tax a national bank; increased power of national government |
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| Presidential message that said that Europe should not interfere in the affairs of Latin American and the US would not interfere in European affairs |
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| George Washington's Farewell Address |
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| at retirement from public life; urged America to always remain neutral toward other countries and avoid political parties |
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| British law at end of French and Indian war; said that Americans were not allowed to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains |
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| restricted American trade with other countries |
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| organized the NW territory on a grid system |
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| (1787) established a government for the NW territory and described rules that a territory would follow in order to become a state |
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| Alien and Sedition Acts (1798) |
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| placed restrictions on immigrants in the country and restricted freedom of speech and freedom of the press |
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| four laws passed to punish colonists for the Boston Tea Party including closing the port of Boston |
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| four laws that among other things, charged new fees on goods imported into the colonies |
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| each of three branches of government limits the power of the others |
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| goods sold to buyers outside the country |
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| the way a person views issues and events |
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| method of building goods that included many workers and machines working in one facility |
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| relations with governments of other countries |
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| a region of which goods and services are bought and sold by purchasers |
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| 1863 ended the South's hopes of winning a battle in the North (turning point of Civil War) |
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| the "mother country" for the 13 colonies; country we fought for the independence |
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