Term
| Wear to the teeth from an external source |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The cavity or socket in jawbone that surrounds and supports the root |
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Definition
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Term
| An orthodontic condition in which canine, premolar, and molar occlusion is normal but one or more mandibular incisors are anterior to the maxillary incisors |
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Definition
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Term
| Terminal portion of the root |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| The separation of the tooth from its alveolus |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface of the tooth nearest the cheek (posterior teeth) |
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Definition
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Term
| Hard, mineralized plaque on the tooth surface |
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Definition
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Term
| Large, single-root tooth designed for tearing and grasping |
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Definition
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Term
A demineralization and loss of tooth structure due to action of
micro-organisms on carbohydrates. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bony layer covering the root surface |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the portion of the tooth covered with enamel |
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Definition
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Term
| Teeth of the primary dentition ("baby teeth") |
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Definition
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Term
| Away from the midline in the dental arches |
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Definition
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Term
| The hard, shiny outer layer of the crown |
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Definition
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Term
| The diagnosis and treatment of diseases inside the tooth that affect the tooth pulp and apical periodontal tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| Tissue attaching the gingiva to the tooth |
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Definition
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Term
| Branch of dentistry that deals with extraction of teeth |
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Definition
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Term
| A flattened or worn spot on the surface of a tooth |
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Definition
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Term
| soft tissue surrounding teeth |
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Definition
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Term
| A pathological increase in the normal amount gingival tissue in a normal arrangement |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal space created by the free gingiva and the tooth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Biting surface of anterior teeth |
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Definition
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Term
| Small anterior tooth with a single root |
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Definition
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Term
| The area between the proximal surfaces of adjacent teeth in the same arch |
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Definition
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Term
| Between adjoining surfaces of teeth in the same arch |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface of the tooth nearest the lips (anterior teeth) |
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Definition
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Term
| The dense cortical bone forming the wall of the alveolus next to the tooth it appears on a radiograph as a white line next to the dark line of the periodontal ligament |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface of the tooth nearest the tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| The displacement or partial displacement of a tooth from its’ alveolus |
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Definition
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Term
| The bone that forms the lower jaw |
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Definition
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Term
| The bone that forms most of the upper jaw. |
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Definition
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Term
| Openings in the mandible through which nerves and vessels pass |
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Definition
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Term
| Toward the midline of the dental arch |
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Definition
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Term
| Large, multicusp teeth designed for grinding |
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Definition
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Term
| The chewing surfaces of the caudal teeth |
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Definition
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Term
| The cells in the pulp that produce dentin |
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Definition
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Term
| An abnormal opening between the oral and nasal cavity |
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Definition
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Term
| Branch of dentistry that deals with the prevention and correction of irregularities of the teeth and malocclusion |
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Definition
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Term
| Upper jaw overlapping the lower jaw |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface of the towards the hard palate |
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Definition
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Term
| The structure that separates the oral and nasal cavities. |
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Definition
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Term
| An abscess at the apex of the root, involving the pulp and surrounding apical tissues |
|
Definition
| Periapical abscess (or apical abscess) |
|
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Term
| Pathologic increase in the depth of the gingival sulcus with loss of epithelial and periodontal ligament attachments |
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Definition
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Term
| An abscess involving the periodontium |
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Definition
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Term
| A network of fibers connecting the tooth to the bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Branch of dentistry that deals with the study and treatment of periodontal diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| The supporting structures of the teeth including the periodontal ligament, gingiva, cementum, and alveolar and supporting bone |
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Definition
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Term
| The teeth distal to the canine and mesial to the molars with one to three roots |
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Definition
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Term
| A thin film covering the teeth, composed of bacteria, saliva, food particles, and sloughed epithelial cells |
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Definition
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Term
| The first teeth to erupt they are replaced by adult teeth |
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Definition
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Term
| The surface of a tooth that is adjacent to another tooth |
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Definition
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Term
| Soft tissue component of the tooth consisting of blood and lymphatic vessels |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Portion of the crown containing the pulp |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A discharge of pus from the periodontium |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The upper jaw is markedly shorter than the lower jaw |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The loss of substance by a physiologic or pathologic process |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Portion of the root containing the pulp |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The portion of the tooth normally covered by Cementum |
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Definition
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Term
| Inflammation of the soft tissues of the mouth |
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Definition
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Term
| The structures and surfaces beneath the tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| Teeth in excess of the normal number of individual teeth |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Bone loss at an acute angle to the root surface, forming an infrabony pocket |
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Definition
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|
Term
what is this instrument?
[image] |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
– This instrument is used to probe the depth of periodontal pockets,
evaluate the degree of gingival inflammation, furcation lesion and the extent of tooth
mobility. The probe can be flat or rounded. It is scored in single or multiple millimeter divisions. Some models have score that are color coded in 3 mm divisions. This is the type that most often preferred. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
– This is a sharp ended instrument that is straight or curved (shepherds hook). It
is used to determine the presence of caries and explore the extent of enamel defects,
fractures and feline odontoclastic resorptive lesions. The periodontal probe can be on the
same handle as the explorer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Calculus removal forceps are used to remove large amounts
of calculus. It has one straight beak and one shorter beak. The longer beak is placed on
the occlusal surface of the tooth; the curved beak is positioned on the calculus below the
gingival line. The jaws are gently closed, breaking off the calculus. Misuse of this
instrument could result in fracture a tooth. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Three types of power scalars are available for use in veterinary dentistry,
ultrasonic, sonic and rotary scalers. There are three types of ultrasonic scalers.
Magnetostrictive operates at 25 – 30 kHz frequency, the tip operates using a figure eight
action. Piezoelectric operates at 45 kHz frequency, the tip uses a linear action.
Ferromagnetostrictive operates at 42 kHz frequency, the tip uses a circular action. Water
circulating thru the tip helps keep the tip cool. The side of the tip is very lightly touched
to the tooth. Even with water flow, it is possible to heat up the tooth and cause thermal
damage. The tip of the scalar should not be in contact with a tooth for more than 15
seconds. The stacks of Magnetostrictive scalars need to be checked regularly, if they
become loose, the hand piece becomes inefficient. The ferroceramic rod in the
Ferromagnetostrictive hand piece will break if dropped. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Sonic scalers work at 20 kHz and are usually air driven and irrigated with
water at the tip. This tip does not generate much heat, the water is used to remove debris
for better visualization of the working area. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A six sided rotary burr is put in a high speed hand piece and gently
placed on the tooth, removing the calculus. This is a very technique sensitive; the tooth
can be damaged if too much pressure is applied to the tooth. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Scalers and Curettes are used to remove plaque and calculus from teeth. These instruments consist of a handle, shank, and working end (tip). The handles of these instruments can be solid or hollow, textured or smooth. The functional shank is the part of the instrument that extends from the handle. It can vary from curve or straight, or angled. The length can vary also. Straight shanks are on instruments used on anterior teeth, curved and angled shanks for posterior teeth. Thick shanks are on instrument for removing heavy calculus, finer shanks for lighter calculus. The working end is called the blade. It has a face, lateral surface, back, one or two cutting edges.
Scalers are for supragingival cleaning. Scalers have a sharp point. The sickle scaler is very commonly used. It can be straight or curved. The straight scaler is also called the jaquette scaler. The hoe is a scaler is used to remove large amounts of tartar. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| ______ have a rounded toe. This allows them to be used subgingivally for root planning. The two types of curettes are universal and Gracey. The Gracey are tooth specific. The working end of curette is more slender than the scaler. |
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Definition
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|
Term
After scaling, the teeth must be polished. This is most commonly done by a
slow speed prophy angle and prophy cup with prophy paste. The cup should be soft. This allows the edges to be flared to allow polishing just below the gingival line. Air polishing uses the principles of a sandblaster. Small particles of sodium bicarbonate
are used to polish the teeth. This is very useful in removing staining. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| High speed dental units can be powered by air compressors or Nitrous Oxide. The high speed hand pieces are used with various burs to cut teeth, smooth teeth and composites, or trim gingival hyperplasia. An air water syringe is also included. This is used to flush periodontal pockets; the air is used to try off teeth to see left over calculus to be hand scaled. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Periodontal elevators are used to elevate the gingival mucosa to allow root planing, tooth sectioning and gingival flaps. They come if various sizes and handle combinations |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Dental elevators and luxators come in various handles, and sizes. The tips can be straight, curved or winged. These will be covered in the lecture. |
|
Definition
| Dental elevators and luxators - |
|
|
Term
Dental radiology is very essential to practicing good veterinary dentistry. The units can be wall mounted or floor units. Digital imaging or conventional
film can be used to get images of the teeth and periodontal bone. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Charting is very important. This is part of the medical history/record. It
must be kept accurately. The small peel and stick labels are too small to contain all the needed information. The full sized dental charts that are supplied by Pfizer have an abbreviation key that is helpful to keep an accurate record. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
After doing a complete dental cleaning and polishing, we apply Oravet
barrier sealant. This helps slow the plaque build-up. The teeth are wiped dry. The professional product is placed in warm water to soften it. Using the applicator, it is place between the thumb and index fingers then applied to both sides of the teeth. The homecare product is sent home with the client with instruction to start weekly applications in 7-14 days from dental cleaning. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The proper use of dental equipment will make small animal veterinary dentistry more enjoyable and profitable. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Technician’s role in dentistry |
|
Definition
Before the dental procedure
At consult date, make sure vaccines are up to
date, create estimate
Preanesthetic bloodwork, fill antibiotics if
needed
Because technicians are often on the front
line of identifying oral disease, a strong
foundation in oral anatomy and oral
pathologic conditions is important
At drop off, discuss extractions in detail, have owner
sign consent form, client education
Catheter placement, anesthesia preparation, etc
Dental cleaning: Periodontal debridement and
Polishing, some extractions
Taking radiographs
Monitoring anesthesia
Intraoperative assistance
Client communications
Medical record keeping, dental charting
Go home instructions with owner |
|
|
Term
| Deals with the study and treatment of the inside of the tooth (pulp) and periapical tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Advanced periodontal therapy includes |
|
Definition
• Restorative dentistry (ex: crowns)
• Orthodontics |
|
|
Term
| AAHA guidelines - Facility reqirements: |
|
Definition
Dedicated space for
nonsterile dental procedures (not
surgical suite, not high traffic areas),
lighting
Instruments must be sharp, sterilized
Operator must wear radiographic, oral,
respiratory, skin, eye, and ear protective
devices
Irrigate the oral cavity with 0.12%
chlorhexidine soln to decrease
bacterial aerosolization |
|
|
Term
| AAHA guidelines - Client Education regarding dental chews and teeth care |
|
Definition
Discourage any dental chew or device that does
not bend or break easily
Bones, hooves, antlers, hard nylon products
Gold standard: brushing SID-BID |
|
|
Term
| All extractions need ___________ _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Radiograph the entire mouth
Standard skull views are not |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Scale the teeth supra and sub______
Do not use a _____ scaler |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Polish using a low speed handpiece at _____ rev/min
Disposable prophy cup for each patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(Am Vet Dental College)
Position statement on technician tasks
• Dental cleanings
• Procedures not resulting in alterations in shape, structure, or position of teeth in the dental arch |
|
|
Term
| advanced training includes |
|
Definition
| Taking impressions, making models, charting veterinary dental lesions, taking and developing dental radiographs, performing subgingival root planing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-In dogs and cats, a VT may extract loose teeth or dental fragments with minimal
periodontal attachments by hand and without the use of an elevator under direct or immediate supervision of a veterinarian.
-The following treatments may be performed to an equid by a licensed equine dental provider under general supervision by a veterinarian, and by a non-veterinarian
employee under direct supervision by the veterinarian:
(1) removing sharp enamel points;
(2) removing small dental overgrowths;
(3) rostral profiling of the first cheek teeth;
(4) reducing incisors;
(5) extracting loose, deciduous teeth;
(6) removing supragingival calculus;
(7) extracting loose, mobile, or diseased teeth or dental fragments with minimal
periodontal attachments by hand and without the use of an elevator; and
(8) removing erupted, non-displaced wolf teeth. |
|
|
Term
Under the direct or _____ supervision of a veterinarian, a licensed veterinary
technician may: |
|
Definition
Under the direct or immediate supervision of a veterinarian, a licensed veterinary
technician may:
(ii) induce anesthesia;
(iii) in dogs and cats, extract loose teeth or dental
fragments with minimal periodontal attachments
by hand and without the use of an elevator. |
|
|
Term
Under the immediate supervision of a
licensed veterinary technician, an unlicensed employee of a veterinarian may: |
|
Definition
(1) suture to close existing skin incisions and skin
lacerations;
(2) induce anesthesia; |
|
|
Term
| Governs Veterinary Technician Specialists (VTSs) |
|
Definition
National Association of Veterinary
Technicians in America (NAVTA) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Academy of Veterinary Dental Technicians (AVDT)
Credentialing body
Mentor, case logs, attend CE, write case reports, 3000 hours of experience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
American Veterinary Dental Society (AVDS)
Advances awareness of veterinary dentistry
Membership is open to veterinarians, veterinary technicians and dental hygienists
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
American Society for Veterinary Dental Technicians (ASVDT)
Open to staff members who may or may not have formal
veterinary education
Membership includes a self-taught home study course – intro to basic dentistry |
|
|
Term
Continuously
erupting teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
brachyodont or hypsodont?
Large reserve crown beneath the gingival margin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
brachyodont or hypsodont?
Has a Small distinct crown compared to their well developed roots. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
brachyodont or hypsodont?
Roots are open for a limited time for eruption and development |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
brachyodont or hypsodont?
Large reserve crown beneath the gingival margin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
brachyodont or hypsodont?
occurs in Humans, Carnivores, Pigs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
brachyodont or hypsodont?
Root structure allows for continual growth and eruption over lifetime |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
brachyodont or hypsodont?
Horses, Rodents, Lagomorphs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
incisors, canines, premolars, or molars?
For gnawing and grooming |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
incisors, canines, premolars, or molars?
Cheek teeth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
incisors, canines, premolars, or molars?
For prehending and holding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
incisors, canines, premolars, or molars?
For shearing and grinding |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most mammals
Two sets of teeth
Deciduous (primary or baby teeth)
Permanent (secondary or adult teeth)
Number of teeth vary
Number of roots vary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Permanent canines fully
erupt at _ months |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dog permanent teeth dental formula |
|
Definition
2 x (I3/3, C 1/1, P4/4, M2/3)= 42 teeth
Box 34-1 p 1300 |
|
|
Term
| cat permanent teeth dental formula |
|
Definition
| 2 x (I3/3, C 1/1, P3/2, M1/1)= 30 teeth |
|
|
Term
| Cats are missing what teeth |
|
Definition
| the maxillary first premolar and the mandibular first and second premolars |
|
|
Term
| Closer to the nose/front of the head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Toward the back of the head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tooth surface facing the lips |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vestibular teeth surface of teeth visible form thef ront (incisors) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mandibular teeth surface adjacent to the tongue |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maxillary teeth surface adjacent to hard palate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Portion of the tooth in line with the dental arcade that is closest to the most rostral portion of the midline of the dental arch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Portion of the tooth that is closest to the most caudal portion of the dental arch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Closer to the apex (tip of the root) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Dental Numbering Systems
[image] |
|
Definition
Modified Triadan system
100 series (right maxillary quadrant)
200 series (left maxillary quadrant)
300 series (left mandibular quadrant
400 series (right mandibular quadrant)
Each tooth has a two-digit number
• Start at anterior midline and move along dental arch in a caudal direction
• Consistent across species
Deciduous teeth (Triadan)
500 series – 800 series |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The canine is always designated
as 04
• The 1st molar is always
designated as 09
- Example: Upper Left Feline 201,
202, 203, 204, 206, 207, 208,
209 |
|
|
Term
– Note that cats do not have 4
upper premolars, so they will
always be missing what number of tooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spatial relationship of teeth in the mouth refers to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teeth or jaws not correctly aligned refers to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| - the largest shearing teeth that contribute most significantly to the masticatory effort |
|
Definition
Carnassial teeth (“tearing of flesh”)
-Maxillary 4th premolar and mandibular first molar teeth. The maxillary tooth is usually lateral to the mandibular tooth because the upper jaw is wider than lower jaw (Anisognathism) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Incisors
- come together and closely overlap like
blades of scissors
- Mandibular incisors are palatal to
maxillary incisors
Canines
- Mandibular canine tooth is mesial to the maxillary canine without touching the
canine tooth or the incisor
Premolars
- Cusps point to the interdental space of the opposing premolar teeth
Molars
- Sharp shearing cusps as opposed to
humans that have flat occlusal surfaces |
|
|
Term
| type of tooth that is Susceptible to caries lesions (“cavities”) |
|
Definition
Molars
-• Incomplete enamel development
-• Less susceptible than humans
-Carnivores have fewer
Dogs
• 2 maxillary, 3 mandibular
Cats
• Few flat occlusal surfaces |
|
|
Term
Full medical history assessment
Requires _____ general anesthesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
• Pawing at the mouth
• Dropping or walking away from food after first bite
• Rubbing face on furniture
• Showing aggression when touched on face
• Sneezing- oronasal fistula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Head, face, eyes, ears, neck
Symmetrical comparison; atrophy,
enlargement, pain, swelling
Discharge, odor, or pain from ears
and eyes
Bilateral retropulsion of eyes (as
shown) to check for masses behind
or beneath the eye
Salivary glands and lymph nodes
parotid salivary duct opening causes
calculus on the upper cheek teeth
Occlusion
Persistent deciduous teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Soft tissues of oral cavity, dental
structures, periodontium (supporting
structures of the teeth)
Skin/mucosa of lips—CUPS
Caudal cheek lining near carnassials,
molars
Duct openings on alveolar mucosa
Hard and soft palates
Pharynx—inflammation or neoplasia
Dorsal, ventral, lateral surfaces, floor of mouth, base of tongue
Tonsils
[image] |
|
|
Term
Chronic Ulcerative Paradental
Stomatitis (CUPS) [image] |
|
Definition
Description:
Painful mucosal ulcerations
Site:
Areas of mucosa adjacent to diseased teeth
Cause:
Bacteria in the plaque |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hard and Soft Palate - Rugae |
|
Definition
8-10 ridges present on palatal mucosa
Can get hair and debris between them
[image] |
|
|
Term
| Hard and Soft Palate - Incisive papilla |
|
Definition
Lateral to papilla, communication with the incisive duct and vomeronasal organ (pheromones)
[image] |
|
|
Term
Pharynx Examination- Caudal
Stomatitis in a cat |
|
Definition
|
|
