Term
| Which category of swine is referred to as the "paternal" type, characterized by leanness, muscle, and growth traits? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which category of swine is referred to as the "maternal" type, characterized by litter size, milk, and mothering ability? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 5 paternal swine breeds. |
|
Definition
| 1) Duroc, 2) Hampshire, 3) Berkshire, 4) Poland China, 5) Spots |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 maternal swine breeds. |
|
Definition
| 1) Yorkshire, 2) Landrace, 3) Chester White |
|
|
Term
| When using hybrid swine lines, what is it called when all offspring go to market? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leg soundness scores are ___% heritable. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Structurally sound" refers to what? |
|
Definition
| The ability to walk and move. |
|
|
Term
| Mammary soundness refers to what? |
|
Definition
| 12-14 evenly spaced, functional teats. |
|
|
Term
| What is the stress gene that breeders are trying to eliminate? |
|
Definition
| The gene that causes PSS (Porcine Stress Syndrome) and results in low quality pork. |
|
|
Term
| What is the suggested replacement level of gilts in a herd? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sex affects most of the genetic change in a breeding program? |
|
Definition
| Males. One boar produce over 5,000 pigs a year through AI. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Expected Progeny Difference |
|
|
Term
| Which three states in the U.S. are the leading producers of corn? |
|
Definition
| 1) Iowa, 2) Illinois, 3) Nebraska |
|
|
Term
| What two states in the U.S. are the leading producers of soybean meal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The top 25 farms contain what percentage of sows in the U.S.? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 8 factors affecting change in the swine industry? |
|
Definition
| 1) Geographic shift in production, 2) Improved herd performance, 3) Fewer and bigger hog farms, 4) Specialization, 5) Fewer and bigger packing plants, 6) Integration of production and packing, 7) Contracting, 8) Globalization |
|
|
Term
| Which 3 states in the U.S. contain the most pigs? |
|
Definition
| 1) Iowa, 2) North Carolina, 3) Minnesota |
|
|
Term
| Prior to the 1970s, most farms practiced what type of swine farm production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A production system which involves all stages of the pig life cycle at a single site. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A production system which specializes in breeding, gestation, farrowing and lactation. The end result is a 10-12 lb. pig that will be sold at weaning. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A production system that specializes in breeding, gestation, farrowing, and lactation. The end result is a 50-60 lb. pig that will be sold to a finisher. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The type of production system that requires the least pigmanship skills. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does "AIAO" stand for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the most important animal in swine production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three goals of breeding sows? |
|
Definition
| 1) 2.2+ litters per year, 2) Weaned litter size of 10 pigs, 3) Combined litter weight of > 100 lbs. |
|
|
Term
| How do we detect estrus in a female pig? |
|
Definition
| Expose the sow/gilt to a boar. |
|
|
Term
| What three signs indicate that a sow/gilt is in estrus? |
|
Definition
| 2) Erect ears, 2) Responding to back pressure (lordosis), 3) Greatly swollen vulva |
|
|
Term
| "Standing heat" in response to back pressure is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two qualities make boar ejaculate unique? |
|
Definition
| 1) Very high sperm count, 2) Gelatinous plug |
|
|
Term
| What are two types of natural services for breeding? |
|
Definition
| 1) Pen Mating, 2) Hand Mating |
|
|
Term
| What is the volume and concentration of a collection of boar semen? |
|
Definition
| 250-300 mL (volume), 50-60 billion sperm (concentration) |
|
|
Term
| One dosage of boar semen can service how many females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frozen semen yields ______ (smaller/larger) litters than fresh. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of a sow/gilt giving birth is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two significant advantages of farrowing stalls? |
|
Definition
| 1) Prevent mother from crushing piglets, 2) Allow for dual temperatures (mother cool, piglets warm) |
|
|
Term
| Growth rates in swine have ___% heritability. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What accounts for more than half of production costs in a Grower/Finisher operation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The trailer that carries 200 pigs to harvest is called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which country consumes the most pork worldwide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The country that exports the most pork worldwide is _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which country produces the most pork worldwide? |
|
Definition
|
|
