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  Scalpel Handle #3

-used in sm animal

- uses blades 10, 11, 12, 15

Scalpel handle #4

- used in lg animal

   -uses blades 20, 21, 22

         -blade 20 is most common

Bard Parker

-Scalpel handle holds the scalpel blades for easy use

-Best instrument for incising tissues with minimal trauma

-Variety of disposable blades are designed to fit several different handles

-Special tissue forceps designed to hold and easily release tissue

-Having spring action; jaws are opposed by compressing 2 metal handles together

-Available in a variety of different sizes

-Several jaw surfaces are available and are designed for use with various tissues

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-Have delicate intermeshing teeth that provide a good atraumatic grasp of delicate tissue

- commonly used for disection

-Have multiple intermeshing teeth with a broad tip, providing good tissue and needle handling

- Commonly used during suturing/wound closing

- DO NOT HAVE TEETH and are used for applying and removing dressings (bandages)

-Are NOT designed to grasp tissue because the surgeon must squeeze hard and crush the tissue in order to grasp it

-Built in scissors

-May accidently cut the suture

"Oops, I cut the suture"

- Used primarily for opthalmic procedures

- "Dinky" smaller than other needleholders (used on delicate eyes)

- Usually 4- 4 1/2 inches in length

- Designed for holding curved suture needles/tying suture during suturing

- Size and design vary depending on their intended use

- Improper use of needle holders damages the jaws and the box lock and ratchet

- Do not use for anything other than the intended purpose

- Securely grasps tissue but also crushes it

- Should only be used on tissue that is going to be removed

- Commonly Used

- More delicate tissue instrument

- Used to occlude and hold the intestion

- Disadvantages- less secure hold on tissues

- Locking instruments that clamp tissues

- Different teeth patterns allow them to grip various types of tissue w/o slipping

- Shaped similarly to Allis, but are less traumatic

- Have smoother grasping surface

- Less tip compression

- NOT as common

- Used to attach towels and drapes to the patient

- Have pointed *sharp* tips that curve and join like ice tongs

- Has a metal bead or ball stop attached to the jaws that prevents deep tissue penetration

- Prevents towel from slipping toward the box lock

- small and designed to occlude small vessels

- Tips of the forceps should be used to grasp only as much tissue as necessary

- Serrations go all the way down the tip of the instrument

- Tissue forceps used to stop bleeding/occlude blood supple to tissue by crushing blood vessels or the tissue itself

- Available in many different sizes and may be straight or curved

- Have grooves on the inside surface of the jaws to better grasp the tissue

- Larger than a mosquito forcep

- Used on larger vessels

- Transversely grooved the entire length of the jaw

- larger than a mosquito forcep

- used on larger vessels

- Transversely grooved only on the distal half of the jaw

- Large

- Transversely grooved forceps

- Used to clamp tissue in bundles and large vessels

- Similar to Rochester Pean forceps

- Have interdigiting teeth at the tips that aid in grasping tissue

- Used in orthopedic or large animal surgery

- Large crushing forceps with longitudinal grooves on the jaw

- Cross groove at the tip to provide more traction

- used for clamping across tissue containing vessels

- Commonly used to crush the vessels of the ovarian pedicle during OVH

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Blunt/Sharp

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Sharp/Sharp

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Blunt/Blunt

- To cut tissue, suture, wire, or bandage material

- Often used to cut drape material

- Used for dissecting tissue

-Vary by blades:Straight or curved

- Vary by points: Blunt/Blunt, Blunt/Sharp, Sharp/Sharp

- Cutting edge of the blade: Plain or serrated

- Heavy scissors used for cutting through tissue such as heavy connective tissue

- Blades may be curved or straight

- "Sturdier" than Metzenbaum considerably longer than operating scissors

- Fine scissors used for cutting delicate tissue such as fat or thin muscle

- Preferred most for soft tissue dissection

- NEVER use to cut suture- will dull edges

- Very delicate scissors, much "skinnier" than Mayo

- Used to cut bandage material

- One blade has a blunt end to facilitate sliding under a bandage w/o cutting the skin

- Double ended retractor commonly used to retract skin, fat or muscle

- Smooth blades on both sides

- Retractors rather than hands should be used in surgery to retract tissues and provide good visibility of the surgical site

- Properly placed, they do not interfere with the surgery

- 2 Types:Handheld- sterile assistant needed to maintain tissue position and tension

Self-Retaining-Maintained in the desired position by some a locking mechanism on the retractor handle

-Keeps assistant hands free

- AKA: Spay Hook

- AKA: Snook Hook

- Used to expose the uterine horn during an OVH

- Consists of a single blade and a handle that are used to lever tissues out of the way

- Used almost exclusively in orthopedics esp. Joint sx

- 2 wire-like blades are used to distract the abdominal incision

- Solid spoon-like blade is hooked into the sternum to distract caudally

- Spreads ribs

- Ratcheted part is positioned at the dorsal aspect of the thoracic incision

- Commonly used for muscle retraction

- especially in orthopedic and neurologic sx

- More tissue trauma

- Very sharp points

- Commonly used for muscle retraction

- Especially in orthopedic and neurologic sx

- More tissue trauma

- Have sharp cupped tips that are used to cut small pieces of dense tissue such as bone, cartilage, or fibrous tissue

- Have a smooth cutting action and are mechanically stronger than a single-action rongeur

- Larger, preferred for removing lg amts of dense tissue

- More commonly used in confined areas

- ex. removing bone to perform spinal sx

- Gun shaped appearance

- Useful for spinal sx

- Used to cut bone, NOT wire

- look similar to a rongeur but has paired chisel like tips (finer jaws)

- DO NOT confuse with wire cutter

- Used to cut wire, NOT bone

- look similar to a bone cutting forcep but has scissor like tips

- Designed to hold bone fragments in alignment while orthopedic implants are applied

- most are self-retaining

- Has a ratcheted handle that allows it to be clamped securely on the bone

- More common

- AKA: Speed locks

- has a nut that tightens against one handle to squeeze the handles together

Self-Retaining Bone Holding Forceps

AKA: Speed Lock

- Used to scrape hard tissue such as bone/cartilage

- Have a sm. cuplike structure at one or both ends of a handle

- cup has sharp cutting edge available in many sizes

- Common to retrieve cancellous bone from the meduallary cavity for use as a bone graft during fracture repair

- Used to pry periosteum or muscle from the bone surface

- Have a bladelike structure at 1 or both ends of a handle

- Blades have sharp or blunt edges and are available in various sizes

- Used to cut bone by placing the wire around the bone and drawing it back and forth in a sawing fashion

- T-shaped handles hook onto the wire to give the surgeon a firm grasp of the wire

- Commonly used in orthopedic/neurologic surgery

- Electric, battery powered, powered by nitrogen gas supplied viz a sterile hose

- Varying in diameter

-Length and type of points-2 main types

- AKA: IM pins

- smooth, stainless steel pins ranging in diameter from 1/16 to 1/4 inch

- 3 different types available: Chisel, Trocar, Threaded trocar

- AKA: K-wires

- smaller than IM pins

- can be used to pin sm bone fragments

- Available sizes are .035, .045, .062 inches

- Similar to IM pins but have preplaced holes through the pin that allow screw placement

- Have more rigid fixation than IM pins

- Stainless steel wire supplied on spools

- Common sizes in small animal sx are 22 guage, 20 gauge, and 18 gauge

- Most commonly applied in a cerclage fashion by encircling the bone/bone fragments and twisting the ends in a "twist tie" manner

- Often used for fracture repair in combo with pins/bone plates

- Used to twist wire

- NEEDLEHOLDERS SHOULD NOT BE USED

- Used alone or in conjunction with bone plates or interlocking nails for fracture repair

- 2 types

- Used in fracture repair by bending to match the curve of the bone and fastening to it with bone screws

- Requires much instrumentation for placement

- More complex than other types of fixation

- More stable in most cases

- Used primarily in abdomen/thoracic cavity

- Has outer sleeve with small holes to prevent tissue from becoming entrapped in the tip

- Used most commonly in orthopedic and neurologic sx

- Come in various sizes

- Can be used to hold sterile saline for the surgeon's use during sx

- can also be used to contain surgery samples so they don't get lost on the instrument tray