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Surg midterm prep
Surg midterm prep
55
Veterinary Medicine
Graduate
03/06/2019

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Cards

Term
What is stridor?
Definition
When at least 75% decrease in airway diameter or can be very loud airway sounds such as wheezing, crackles.areas of dullness
Term
What does a flat jugular vein that does not distend mean?
Definition
this is an indicator of hypovolameia
Term
What does a jugular vein that is distended when the patient is standing or sitting mean?
Definition
This is an indication of pneumothorax, pericardial,effusion or in other cases right ventricular heart failure
Term
What drug can be used to prevent arrythmias?
Definition
Lidocaine
Term
Brachycephalics are crazy because they have...
Definition
stenotic nares, overlong soft palate, everted tonsils, a hypoplastic trachea
Term
For high vagal tone you want to avoid...
Definition
dexmedetomidine
Term
For brachycephalic dogs you want to...
Definition
preoxygenate, always have the ett and O2 available, use short acting induction agents such as propofol and alfaxalone, delay extubation
Term
Mane coones have a higher incident of...
Definition
cardiac disease
Term
Persian cats have a higher incident of..
Definition
polycystic disease
Term
What do you have to watch out for with sight hounds?
Definition
-high PCV (lower albumin levels)
-high stress animals (ACP)
-lower fat levels which leads to hypothermia
Term
What is a good combo of drugs to use for collies?
Definition
Acp plus opiods with a -25% does
Term
What do you want to do for toy breeds?
Definition
- get accurate weights
-be aware of surface volume vs the dog (this causes heat loss)
-use a doppler instead of oscilemetric
Term
What is a good drug to use for giant breeds?
Definition
acepromazine (give at the lower dose)
Term
What drug do you NOT want to give to dobermans?
Definition
do not give the old version of NSAIA. Doberman have a thing called vonwillbrands
Term
What are soft wheaton terriers known for and what do you want to avoid?
Definition
they are know for deficiencies in liver enzymes. You want to avoid barbiturates and increase activity of propofol
Term
What is mitral valve disease common in?
Definition
Seen commonly in small breeds. It is a progressive disease
Term
What is a murmur?
Definition
an indication that thier is a disturbance in normal blood flow (this can reduce outflow and reduce renal supply)
Term
If you encounter a murmur with no enlargement.That maintains a normal HR range what should you do?
Definition
avoid increases in preload (high IV fluid administration) and avoid anesthetics that increase after load
Term
For dogs with heart issues what kind of opioid is ideal?
Definition
hydromorphone
Term
For dogs with heart issues what drugs do you want to avoid?
Definition
NO dexmedetomidine
NO acepromazine
Term
For induction for B1 to mid B2 what drugs would you use?
Definition
propofol,alphaxalone, ketamine
Term
For induction agents for advanced cardiac disease what drugs would you want to use?
Definition
opioids plus benzodiazepines
treat bradycardia with anticholingeric
use min propofol/alfaxolone to intubate
Term
What drug mix can lower the need for opioids?
Definition
ketamine plus lidocaine
Term
What are the advantages and disadvantages to a simple interrupted suture?
Definition
Advantages: Easy, Rapid,Disruption of one suture does not result in line failure

Disadvantages:Excessive tension yields inversion or aversion,Costly
Term
What are the advantages and disadvantages to simple continuous?
Definition
Advantages: Speed, Single knot at either end
Disadvantages
One breakdown results in line failure
Term
What is a continuous lock suture often used for?
Definition
post-mortem
Term
What is a disadvantage of horizontal mattress suture?
Definition
can strangulate blood supply
Term
What are some advantage a vertical mattress suture has over a horizontal mattress?
Definition
stronger then horizontal and less likely to strangulate
Term
What are advantages and disadvantages of interrupted patterns?
Definition
Advantages :

Tension adjustment throughout suture line

Failure of one knot is inconsequential

Disadvantages:

Take longer

Uses more suture

Increases foreign material
Term
What are advantages and disadvantages of continued patterns?
Definition
Advantages

Faster

Less foreign material in wound

Potential for better air/water tight seal

Disadvantages

Knot failure leads to disruption of whole line

Harder to approximate wound and control tension
Term
What is the difference between a surgeon knot and and square knot?
Definition
With a surgeon knot the first throw is double. With a square knot the first throw is single
Term
What is an intradermal closure?
Definition
Also know as subcuticular closure. It is a method of closing the skin without visible sutures
Term
What does cutting reversed look like?
Definition
The cutting edge is outside the needle curve, away from the surgical wound
Term
What does cutting conventional look like?
Definition
Cutting edge is inside the needle curve, toward the surgical wound
Term
Taper needles are tapered to a point...what are they most commonly used for?
Definition
Used for less dense tissues and tissue which might leak after piercing (such as blood vessels)
Term
What do taper cut needles look like?
Definition
Needle tapers to a point but the point is honed to create at least 2 cutting surfaces
Term
Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a standard eye look like?
Definition
suture must pass through the eye
Term
Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a spring eye look like?
Definition
the eye is split which permits the eye to be forced over the suture
Term
Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a swagged needle look like?
Definition
the needle is drilled and the suture is inserted into the base of the needle
Term
Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a controlled needle look like?
Definition
swaged needle which permits the suture to be dislodged from the needle with a purposeful tug for the purpose of performing a hand tie
Term
Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a straight needle look like?
Definition
the needle is straight and usually has a cutting surface
Term
Suture is threaded onto needle by a surgical team member. What does a curved needle look like?
Definition
the needle is formed in an arc of ¼, 3/8, ½, or 5/8 of a circle
Term
PaO2 measures the...
Definition
unbound oxygen dissolved in plasma
Term
SaO2 measures the...
Definition
percentage of hemoglobin sites occupied
Term
So at normal hemoglobin levels total oxygen available varies very little with partial pressures above 80 mmHg but...
Definition
If levels drop below this level there is a precipitous drop in oxygen availability
Term
PCV of 15% will have only about...
Definition
1/3 the oxygenation of normal patient
Term
If you are getting an SaO2 less then 95% what should you look out for?
Definition
Is the patient stable? (check CRT/MM color/HR/RR )

Remove and replace probe

Wet tongue if dry

Sensor should be oriented toward the ceiling

Heavily haired areas can be clipped
Term
What will a ETCO2 >60 mmHg cause?
Definition
hypoventilation
Term
What will a ETCO2 <20 mmHg cause?
Definition
brain hypoxemia
Term
What should you think about/do if there is no wave form
Definition
Detachment of ETT

Blocked/kinked ETT

Esophageal intubation

Apnea
Term
What are signs of an optimal depth?
Definition
Patient does not move

Is not aware

Does not feel pain

Has no memory of procedure
Term
What are some causes for hypotension?
Definition
Excessive anesthetic depth

Vasodilation secondary to allergic reactions

Blood loss, dehydration

Hydrate before anesthesia

Cardiac arrhythmias, heart disease

IPPV – will put pressure on cranial vena cava

Gastric distention & C-section
Term
What do you have to be careful for c-sections?
Definition
Gastric distention & C-section – will put pressure on the caudal vena cava
With C-section – once u are removed and pressure is lifted, there is a huge surge of blood pressure
Term
T/F Doppler underestimates feline systolic pressure by 15mmHg
Definition
True
Term
On page 18 of final exam review
Definition
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