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Superficial mm back and shoulder
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33
Anatomy
Professional
11/17/2010

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Term
Trazezius

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action
-descending: elevation of scapula
-middle: pull scapula posterior
-ascending: depress scapula/shoulder
Innervation: spinal accessory nerve XI
Origin: midline occipital protuberance below T2
Insertion: scapular spine & acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
Term
Latissimus dorsi

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: extend, rotate, retract humerus medially; adduction of humerus
Innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)
Origin: T7-12 spinous process, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest
Insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus on medial humerus
Term
Rhomboids

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: retract & rotate scapula (depressing glenoid cavity), forcefully lowering raised arms
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4,5)
Origin:
-Minor: nuchal ligament (C7-T1 spinous processes)
-Major: T2-T5 spinous processes
Insertion
-Minor: medial scapular spine along medial border of scapula
-Major: medial scapular border from spine to inferior angle.
Term
Deltoid

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action
-anterior: flex & internal rotation of humerus
-posterior: extend & lat. rotate humerus
-middle: abduction (after 1st 15 degrees is done)
Innervation: axillary nerve (C5,6)
Origin: lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, scapular spine
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity humerus
Term
Teres Major

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: adduct humerus, internal rotate humerus, extend humerus from flexed position
Innervation: lower subscapular nerve (C5,6)
Origin: lower 1/3 dorsal surface of lateral scapular border
Insertion: medial intertubercular groove on humerus
Term
Supraspinatus

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: assists deltoid in 1st 15 degrees
Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C4,5)
Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: superior facet on greater tubercle of humerus
Term
Infraspinatus

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: lateral/external humerus rotation, stabilize glenohumeral joint
Innervation: suprascapular nerve (C5,6)
Origin: infraspinous fossa
Insertion: middle facet of greater tubercle on humerus
Term
Teres Minor

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: external rotation humerus, humerus adduction
Innervation: axillary nerve (C5,6)
Origin: upper 2/3 lateral edge of dorsal scapula
Insertion: inferior facet of humerus greater tubercle
Term
Subscapularis

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: stabilize against ant. dislocation, internal humerus rotation, adduction of humerus
Innervation: upper & lower subscapular nerve (C6,7)
Origin: medial subscapular fossa, lower lateral scapular border
Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
Term
Posterior triangle of neck
Inferior
Superio-medial
Superio-lateral
Definition
Inferior: superior surface of clavicle
Superio-medial: lateral border of sternocleidomastoid
Superior-lateral: medial border of trapezius
Term
Triangle of Auscultation
Definition
Floor: between ribs 6 and 7
Inferior: superior border of latissimus dorsi
Medial: lateral border of trapezius
Later: medial border of rhomboid major
Term
Levator Scapulae

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: lifts scapula
Innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (c5)
Origin: posterior tubercles of C1-C4 transverse processes
Insertion: medial border of scapula above root of scapular spine
Term
Serratus posterior (superior and inferior portions)

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: expand ribcage
Innervation:
-superior: T2-T5 intercostal nerves
-inferior: T9-T12 thoracic spinal nerve
Origin
-superior: C7-T3 spinous process
-inferior: T11-L1 spinous process
Insertion
-superior: Rib 2-4 sup. border
-inferior: Rib 8-12 inf. border near angles
Term
Serratus Anterior

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: protract scapula against chest wall, rotate scapula for abduction & flexion of arm
Innervation: long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)
Origin: lateral external rib surface 1-8
Insertion: medial anterior border of scapula
Term
Quadrangular space
Definition
muscles;
-long head of triceps
-teres minor
-teres major
-humerus
-axillary nerve
-posterior humeral circumflex artery
Term
Medial Triangular space
Definition
scapular circumflex artery
Term
lateral Triangular space
Definition
radial nerve
deep brachial artery
Term
Of the intrinsic back muscles, name the ones in the superficial, intermediate, and deep layers.
What are the segmental muscles?
Definition
Superficial: splenius capitus, splenius cervicis
Intermediate: erector spinae (sacrospinalis)
-iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
Deep: transversospinalis
-semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores brevis, rotatores longus
Segmental: interspinalis, intertransversarii, levatores costarum longus and brevis
Term
Splenius capitus and cervicis

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: flex head or rotate head
Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves
Origin:
-cervicis: spinous processes T3-T6
-capitis: spinous processes C7-T4 with ligamentum nuchae
Insertion
-cervicis: transverse process C1-3
-capitis: mastoid process, lateral to to nuchal line deep to SCM
Term
Erector spinae (sacrospinalis)

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Iliocostalis: cervicis, thoracic, lumborum
Longissimus/spinalis: capitis, thoracis
Action: extends & laterally flexes vertebral column
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerves
Origin: sacrum, iliac crest, spinous & transverse processes, ribs
Insertion: ribs, transverse & spinous processes and occiput
Term
Transversospinalis - semispinalis

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: extension and rotation, stability of posture
Innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves
Origin: transverse process of C1-T10
Insertion: occipital bone & spinous process of C2-T4
Term
Transversospinalis - multifidus

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: extension & rotation, stability of posture
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerves
Origin: sacrum, mamillary processes of all lumbar vertibrae, transverse process all thoracic vertebrae, articular process of C3-C7
Insertion: spinous process C2-L5 (2-4 superior to origin)
Term
Transversospinalis - rotatores

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: extension & rotation, stability of posture
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerves
Origin: transverse process each vertebrae
Insertion: base of spinous process of adjoining vertebrae above
Term
Segmental - interspinales

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: extends and rotates
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerve
Origin: superior spinous process C & T
Insertion: inferior spinous process above
Term
Segmental muscles - intertransversaii

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: lateral flexion and stability
Innervation: posterior rami spinal nerve
Origin: transverse process C&T
Insertion: transverse process adjacent vertebra
Term
Segmental - levatores costarum

Action
Innervation
Origin
Insertion
Definition
Action: elevates ribs, lateral flexion
Innervation: inferolaterally to ribs
Origin: tips of transverse processes C7-T11
Insertion
Term
Name the layers of the thoracolumbar fascia.
Where does it run?
What lies between the layers?
Definition
-Posterior, Middle, Superficial
-extends from iliac crest and sacrum to thoracic cage and envelops paravertebral musculature
-between anterior and middle layers is the quadratus lumborum muscle.
Term
Suboccipital region - 4 muscles
Definition
-Rectus capitis posterior (major/minor)
-Obliquus capitis (sup/inf)
Term
Rectus capitis posterior major
Definition
Action: mainly postural
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus C1)
Origin: spinous process of C2
Insertion: lateral part of inf nuchal line of occipital bone
Term
Rectus capitus Posterior minor
Definition
Action: mainly postural
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus C1)
Origin: post.tubercle of post.arch C1
Insertion: medial inferior nuchal line of occipital bone
Term
Rectus capitis major
Definition
Action: mainly postural
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus C1)
Origin: post.tubercle of post.arch C2
Insertion: transverse process C1
Term
Rectus capitus minor
Definition
Action: mainly postural
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus C1)
Origin: transverse process C1
Insertion: occipital bone between superior & inferior nuchal lines.
Term
Name the sides, roof, and floor of the suboccipital triangle
Definition
superomedial: rectus capitus post. major
superolateral: obliquus capitis superior
inferolateral: obliquus capitis inferior
Roof: semispinalis capitis
Floor: posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
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