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Superficial Back: Muscles
Muscles and areas of the Superficial Back
13
Anatomy
Professional
09/11/2011

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Term
Latissumus Dorsi
Definition
Origin - iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of 7-12 thoracic vertebrae inferior angle of scapula, and 3-4 lower ribs
Inserstion - medial to the bicipital groove of humerus
Action - extends, adducts and medially (internally) rotates arm
Nerve supply - thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, C8 - posterior cord of brachial plexus)
Blood supply - thoracodorsal artery (cont. of subscapular artery)
Term
Trapezius
Definition

Origin - external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae, spines of C7 and thoracic vertebrae

Insertion - lateral clavicle, acromion, and scapular spine

Nerve supply - spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

Action - raises, lowers, adducts, and rotates scapula

Blood supply - transverse cervical artery (branch of thyrocervical trunk which is the 1st portion of the subclavian artery)

Term
Teres Major
Definition

Origin - lower segment of lateral border of scapula

Insertion - medial to bicipital groove of humerus

Nerve supply - lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6 - posterior cord of brachial plexus)

Action - adducts, extends and medially (internally) rotates arm

Blood supply - circumflex scapular artery (of subscapular artery)

Term
Rhomboid Minor
Definition

Origin - spines of C7 and T1 vertebrae

Insertion - medial border of scapula at spine

Nerve supply - dorsal scapular nerve (C5 - C5 root)

Action - pulls scapula medially and raises medial border of scapula

Blood supply - dorsal scapular artery (branch of subclavian artery)

Term
Rhomboid Major
Definition

Origin - spines of 2-5 thoracic vertebrae

Insertion - medial border of scapula at infraspinous fossa

Nerve supply - dorsal scapular nerve (C5-C5 root)

Action - pulls scapula medially and raises medial border of scapula

Blood supply - dorsal scapular artery (branch of subclavian artery)

Term
Levator Scapulae
Definition

Origin - transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

Insertion - superomedial border of scapula

Nerve supply - dorsal scapular nerve (C5-C5 root)

Action - raises scapula at medial border

Blood supply - dorsal scapular artery (branch of subclavian artery)

Term
Serratus Anterior
Definition

Origin - ribs 1-8

Insertion - inferior angle and medial border of scapula

Nerve supply - long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7 - C5-C7 roots)

Action - rotates scapula and pulls scapula around thoracic cage

Blood supply - lateral thoracic artery (of axillar artery - 2nd part)

Term
Winged Scapula
Definition

Damage to long thoracic nerve

(Nerve intervates serratus anterior muscle)

Term
Triangle of Auscultation
Definition

Boundaries: medial - trapezius

Inferior - latissimus dorsi

Lateral - medial border of scapula and rhomboid major

Significance: Hear sounds of respiration

Term
Lumbar Triangle
Definition

Boundaries: Medial - latissimus dorsi

Lateral - external oblique

Inferior - iliac crest

Importance: lumbar hernia

Term
Quadrangular Space
Definition

Boundaries: Superior - teres minor muscle

Lateral - proximal shaft humerus

Inferior - teres major muscle

Medial - long head of triceps brachii muscle

Structures: axillary nerve, posterior circumflex humeral artery

Term
Triangular Space
Definition

Boundaries: Superior - teres minor muscle

Inferior - teres major muscle

Lateral - long head of triceps brachii muscle

Structures: circumflex scapular artery (of subscapular artery)

Term
Triangular Interval
Definition

Boundaries: Superior - teres major muscle

Lateral - lateral head of triceps brachii muscle

Medial - long head of triceps brachii muscle

Structures: deep artery of arm (profunda brachii artery of brachial artery), radial nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8, T1 - posterior cord of brachial plexus)

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