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Suboccipital Region
Lecture 3
127
Anatomy
Graduate
09/08/2014

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Term
spinous process of c2 can be palpated where?
Definition
inferior to external occipital protuberance
Term
transverse process of c1 can be palpated where
Definition
deeply behind mastoid process
Term
borders of suboccipital region
Definition
inferior nuchal line of occipital bone to spinous process of axis to transverse process of atlas
Term
roof of suboccipital region
Definition
deep surface of semispinalis capitis
Term
floor of suboccipital region
Definition
posterior atlanto-occipital membrane
Term
boundaries of the suboccipital triangle
Definition
rectus capitis poster major, superior and inferior oblique
Term
superficial muscles of the suboccipital region
Definition
trapezius, levator scapulae, splenius & semispinalis capitis
Term
muscles of the suboccipital triangle are innervated by what
Definition
post. primary ramus of C1-suboccipital nerve
Term
C1 has no ____ root, and is ______ only
Definition
sensory, motor
Term
Which nerve is part of the post. primary ramus of C2
Definition
greater occipital nerve
Term
the cutaneous part of post. primary ramus of C2 joins what to supply the post. scalp
Definition
occipital artery
Term
rectus capitis posterior minor: origin
Definition
tubercle of posterior arch of atlas
Term
rectus capitis posterior minor: insertion
Definition
median inferior nuchal line
Term
rectus capitis posterior minor: innervation
Definition
suboccipital nerve
Term
rectus capitis posterior minor: actions
Definition
extends head, stabilizes atlanto-occipital joint
Term
rectus capitis posterior minor: blood supply
Definition
vertebral artery, descending branch of occipital artery
Term
rectus capitis posterior major: origin
Definition
spine of axis
Term
rectus capitis posterior major: insertion
Definition
inferior nuchal line
Term
rectus capitis posterior major: innervation
Definition
suboccipital nerve
Term
rectus capitis posterior major: actions
Definition
extends and rotates head to same side,
Term
rectus capitis posterior major: blood supply
Definition
vertebral artery, descending branch of occipital artery
Term
olbiquus capitis inferior: origin
Definition
spine of axis
Term
olbiquus capitis inferior: insertion
Definition
transverse process of atlas
Term
olbiquus capitis inferior: innervation
Definition
suboccipital nerve
Term
olbiquus capitis inferior: action
Definition
rotates atlas and head to same side
Term
olbiquus capitis inferior: blood supply
Definition
vertebral artery, descending branch of occipital artery
Term
olbiquus capitis superior: origin
Definition
transverse process of atlas
Term
olbiquus capitis superior: insertion
Definition
occipital bone
Term
olbiquus capitis superior: innervation
Definition
suboccipital nerve
Term
olbiquus capitis superior: action
Definition
extends and bends head laterally,
Term
olbiquus capitis superior: blood supply
Definition
vertebral artery, descending branch of occipital artery
Term
the greater occipital nerve is part of what
Definition
posterior primary ramus C2
Term
the occipital artery is a branch of which artery
Definition
external carotid
Term
greater occipital nerve path: step 1
Definition
passes medially (deep to semispinalis capitis) from inerior border of inferior oblique
Term
greater occipital nerve path: step 2
Definition
pierces semispinalis capitis
Term
greater occipital nerve path: step 3
Definition
passes superolaterally to posterior scalp
Term
occipital artery path: step 1
Definition
enteres region laterally from beneath mastoid process
Term
occipital artery path: step 2
Definition
passes across superolateral margin en route to posterior scalp
Term
the vertebral artery is a branch of what
Definition
subclavian artery
Term
the vertebral artery ascends in the neck via what?
Definition
transverse foramina of c1-c6
Term
after passing through the transverse formamina of c1-c6, the vertebral artery passes over what?
Definition
posterior arch of atlas
Term
after the vertebral artery passes over the posterior arch of the atlas it enters what?
Definition
foramen magnum of skull
Term
the vertebral artery lies deep to what nerve
Definition
suboccipital
Term
after entering the foramen magnum, each vertebral artery joins the other to form what
Definition
basilar artery
Term
the formation of the basilar artery is known as what
Definition
vertebrobasilar system
Term
the vertebrobasilar system is an important circulatory supplier of what
Definition
cerebrum
Term
obstruction of the vertebrobasilar system can cause what
Definition
dizziness
Term
the basilar artery feeds what
Definition
circle of willis
Term
what are the two spinal cord enlargements
Definition
cervical and lumbar
Term
Why are the cervical and lumbar spine enlarged
Definition
limb innervations
Term
the spinal cord is approximately _____ of vertebral canal
Definition
2/3
Term
the shorter spinal cord to vertebral canal length results in what
Definition
cord segments being higher than corresponding bony segments
Term
the spinal cord ends as what
Definition
conus medullaris
Term
the conus medullaris is usually located at what bony structure
Definition
L1-L2, range from t12-l3
Term
these structures of the conus medullaris run longitudinally
Definition
dorsal and ventral medial sulci
Term
the dorsal and ventral medial sulci of teh conus medullaris run
Definition
longitudinally
Term
How many spinals nerve pairs are there
Definition
31
Term
spinal nerve pairs arise how
Definition
segmentally
Term
how many cervical nerves are there
Definition
8
Term
the cervical nerves exit the vertebral column through which feature
Definition
intervertebral foramina
Term
the cervical nerves exit via the intervertebral foramina _______ the coressponding bony segment
Definition
above
Term
where does nerve C8 exist from?
Definition
below bony C7
Term
How many thoracic nerve pairs are there
Definition
12
Term
How many lumbar nerve pairs are there
Definition
5
Term
THe thoracic and lumbar nerves exit where
Definition
below corresponding bony level
Term
How many sacral nerve pairs are there
Definition
5
Term
The sacral nerves exit through what?
Definition
dorsal and pelvic sacral foramina
Term
How many pairs of coccygeal nerves are tehre?
Definition
1
Term
The coccygeal nerves exits through where
Definition
sacral hiatus with S5
Term
nerves arise from cord as what
Definition
nerve roots
Term
the dorsal root of spinal nerve is what
Definition
sensory
Term
dorsal root of spinal nerve has what
Definition
dorsal root ganglion
Term
the ventral root of spinal nerve is what
Definition
motor
Term
the ventral and dorsal root joint at what
Definition
intervertebral foramen
Term
the dorsal and ventral root join at the intervertebral formane to form what
Definition
spinal nerve
Term
the spinal nerve the splits into what
Definition
small posterior primary ramus
Term
the small posterior primary ramus supplies what
Definition
intrinsic back muscles and skin of the back
Term
the anterior primary ramus supplies what
Definition
rest of the body
Term
Which is larger the posterior primary ramus or the anterior primary ramus
Definition
anterior
Term
the spinal nerves supply the limbs via what
Definition
nerve plexuses
Term
what plexus supplies the upper extremities
Definition
brachial plexuses
Term
what plexus supply the lower extremities
Definition
lumbar and lumbosacral
Term
cauda equina
Definition
horse's tail
Term
the spinal nerve roots become progressively _____ in the cauda equina
Definition
oblique
Term
the spinal nerve roots precede in which direction to reach appropriate exit point
Definition
inferiorly
Term
The spinal nerve roots reach appropriate exit point below what?
Definition
conus medullaris
Term
another name for the dura mater
Definition
pachymenix
Term
the outer membrane of the dura mater is surrounded by what
Definition
epidural space
Term
the outer membrane of the dura mater is between what
Definition
dural sac and vertebrae
Term
the dura mater forms what
Definition
dural root sheaths
Term
the dural root sheaths of the dura mater are continuous with what
Definition
epineurium
Term
the dural sac ends where
Definition
bony s2
Term
what are the leptomeningnes
Definition
arachnoid and pia mater
Term
the subarachnoid space is filled with what
Definition
cerebrospinal fluid
Term
the subarachnoid spae is enclosed by what
Definition
arachnoid mater
Term
the arachnoid mater is held against the dura by what
Definition
pressure of CSF
Term
what is the lumbar cistern
Definition
enlarged space of the cauda equina
Term
the lumbar cistern marks the site for what
Definition
spinal taps
Term
lumbar cistern is located approximately where
Definition
bony l3-l4
Term
subarachnoid space is enlarged where
Definition
cauda equina
Term
what are the lateral extensions of the pia mater called?
Definition
dentinculate ligaments
Term
what is the role of the denticulate ligaments
Definition
attach cord to dural sac, suspending it in cerebrospinal fluid
Term
at conus medullaris the pia contributes to what
Definition
filum terminale
Term
the filum terminal extends to end of dural sac and beyond to attach to what
Definition
dorsum of coccyx
Term
the spinal cord is made up of what
Definition
grey and white matter
Term
the gray matter consists of what
Definition
cell bodies and synapses
Term
the white matter are made up of what
Definition
ascending and descending pathways
Term
The anterior and paires posterior spinal arteries are supplied by these 6 arteries
Definition
vertebral, ascending and deep cervical, intercostal, lumbar, sacral
Term
this fracture is at the junction with the body of c2
Definition
dens
Term
what is another name for a burst fracture
Definition
jefferson fracture
Term
what is a jefferson fracture
Definition
fracture of anterior or posterior arches of c1
Term
what is a hangman's fracture
Definition
hyperextension injury, fracture of the arch of c2 between superior and inferior articular processes
Term
approximately how many days after the beginning of menstruation does ovulation occur
Definition
15
Term
The egg is fertilized within 24 hours where?
Definition
oviduct
Term
3 days after the egg is fertilized what is formed
Definition
morula
Term
the morula enters where
Definition
the uterus
Term
4 days after the egg is fertilized what is formed
Definition
blastocyst
Term
What is a blastocyst
Definition
hollow ball of cells
Term
The blastocyst is made up of what
Definition
trophoblast and inner cell mass
Term
6 days after the egg is fertilized what is happening
Definition
trophoblast layers begins implanting into the endometrium
Term
7 days after the egg is fertilized what happens
Definition
inner cell mass organizes into epiblast and hypoblast
Term
8 days after the egg is fertilized what is happening
Definition
amnion and yolk sac appear
Term
9 days after the egg is fertilized what is happening
Definition
extraembryonic mesoderm is present and the embryo becomes fully implanted into the endometrium
Term
15 days after the egg is fertilized what is formed
Definition
mesoderm, primitive streak, notocord from from ectoderm
Term
The ectoderm is formed from what
Definition
epiblast
Term
17 days after the egg is fertilized what is happening
Definition
neural plate appears
Term
27 days after the egg is fertilized what is happening
Definition
neural tube closes
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