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Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/14/2008

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Term
pneumothorax
Definition
collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity, could result in collapse of the lung
Term
cor pulmonale
Definition

hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of chronic lung disease

Term
histoplasmosis
Definition
pulmonary infection caused by a fungus in dust in the droppings of pigeons and chickens
Term
asthma
Definition
allergens, constriction of the bronchial airways and labored respiration
Term
cystic fibrosis
Definition
hereditary, produces very thick mucus that causes severe congestion within the lungs and digestice system
Term
emphsema
Definition
pulmonary condition, overexspanded air sac
Term
anaphylactic
Definition

life-threatining condition resulting from a severe allergic reaction. such as bee stings, medications, or ingestion of foods. circulatory and respiratory problems occur, including respiratory distress, hypotension, edema, tachycardia, and convulsions.

Term
eosinophils
Definition
destroy parasites and increase during allergic reactions
Term
neutrophils
Definition
important for phagocytosis; most numerous of the leukocytes agranulocytes
Term
monocytes
Definition
important for phagocytosis
Term
basophils
Definition
release histmine and heparin to damages tissues
Term
pneum/o
Definition

pneumon/o : lung air

pulmon/o : lung

Term
pyloric sphincter
Definition
opens and closes to control the passage of food into the small intestine.
Term
sigmoidoscopy
Definition
using a flexible sigmoidoscope to visually examine the sigmoid colon. used to diagnose cancer and polps.
Term
hemostasis
Definition
blood standing still
Term
barium
Definition
a barium (BA) mixture swallowed while x-ray pictures are taken of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; used to visualize the upper gastrointestinal tract (upper GI)
Term
paracentesis
Definition
insertion of a needle into the abdominal cavity to withdraw fluid.
Term
steatorrhea
Definition
passage of a large amount of fat in the stool caused by an inablitity to digest fats.
Term
cleft lip
Definition
congentital anomaly in which the upper lip fails to come together. often seen along with a cleft palate.
Term
spirometer
Definition
instrument used to measure the air capcity of the lungs
Term
spirometry
Definition
using a device to measure the breathing capacity of the lungs
Term
cervical
Definition
drains parts of head and neck; may be enlarged during upper respiratory infections
Term
mediastinal
Definition
assists in draining infection from within the chest cavity
Term
axillary
Definition
become enlarged during infections of arms and breasts; cancer cells from breasts may be present. (located in the armpits)
Term
inguinal
Definition
drains area of the legs and lower pelvis
Term
lymphoctes
Definition
provide protection through an immunity activity
Term
cellular immunity
Definition
cell-mediated immunity: production of T cells and natural killer cells.
Term
humoral immunity
Definition
antibody-mediated immunity: production of B lymphocytes called B  cells.
Term
ARDS
Definition
adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory failure in adulets characterized by tachpnea, dyspnea, cyanosis, tachycardia, and hypoxemia.
Term
ELISA
Definition
a blood test for an antibody to the AIDS virus.
Term
thrombin
Definition
works to convert fibrinogen to fibrin.
Term
fibrin
Definition
mesh-like blood clot
Term
thrombocyte
Definition
platelet: smallest of all the formed blood elements. not whole cells.
Term
thromboplastin
Definition
substance released by platelets. In the presence of calcium, reacts with prothrombin to form thrombin.
Term
choledocholithotrpsy
Definition
crushing of a gallstone in the common bile duct
Term
allergen
Definition
an antigen that causes an allergic reaction.
Term
allergy
Definition
Hyprsensitivity to a common substance in the environment or to a medication.
Term
lymph glands
Definition

1. removing impurities from the lymph as it passes through.

2. manufacturing lyumphoctyes

3. producing antibodies to fight disease.

Term
alveoli
Definition
each bronchile terminates in a small group of air sacs.
Term
colonoscopy
Definition
a flexible fiberscope passed through the anus, rectum, and colon is used to examine the uppr portion of hte colon.
Term
anastomosis
Definition
creating a pasageway or opening between  two organs or vessels
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