Term
|
Definition
| History is a search for the facts about the past in order to understand the present and guide the future. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The beginning until circa 10,000 BCE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Paleolithic beginnings to 10,000 BCE
Neolithic 10,000-2,000 BCE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3,000-1,000 BCE also time of the domestic horse |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1,200 BCE to about 500 CE
Iron technology first developed by the Hittites in Anatolia(Turkey) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (Middle Ages) 500 until 1500 CE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first Great Revolution: Agriculture |
|
Definition
| Began in major river valleys: Nile, Tigris-Euphrates, Indus, Huang He(yellow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
subsistence surplus and the division of labor.
Division of labor led to specialization of tasks and the development of historical records |
|
|
Term
| The Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) |
|
Definition
| began at at an indeterminate period BCE and lasted to about 10,000 BCE |
|
|
Term
| Neolithic (New Stone Age) |
|
Definition
| Growth of settled human communities |
|
|
Term
| Indicators of civilization: |
|
Definition
- Cities serving as administrative centers
- A political system based on control of a defined territory
- A significant number of people engaged in specialized, non-food producing activities
- Status distinctions, usually by wealth.
- Monumental building
- A system for keeping permanent records.
- Long distance trade.
- Major advances in sciences and the arts. |
|
|
Term
| The first "historical" civilization (confirmed by written records) |
|
Definition
| The Sumerians, lived in the valley of the Tigris-Euphrates Rivers, and built a network of interrelated cities, towns, and villages in the floodplain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the most well-known and typical of Chinese philosophers, believed and wrote in his Analects that man was basically good and that respect for tradition and harmony in society was the basis of good government. |
|
|
Term
| The Cosmopolitan World of the Ancient Mediterranean Sea |
|
Definition
| The island of Crete was the advanced Minoan Civilization dates to around 2000 BCE, but destroyed when a volcanic eruption on the island of Santorini produced a giant tsunami that overwhelmed Minoan cities. |
|
|
Term
| The Ancient Hebrews established the concept of monotheism. |
|
Definition
| the belief in one all-powerful, all-knowing God. |
|
|
Term
| The Phoenicians: 1200-500 B.C.E. |
|
Definition
| descendants of the ancient inhabitants of the Mediterranean coast of what is today Lebanon. |
|
|
Term
| The first major clash of civilizations |
|
Definition
| eastern and western civilizations was that between the Greeks and the Persians beginning in the 6th century BCE |
|
|
Term
| In the aftermath of the Greek victory in the Greco-Persian Wars... |
|
Definition
| Athens emerged as an imperial power. |
|
|
Term
| The militarized city-state of Sparta resisted, leading to the... |
|
Definition
| Peloponnesian Wars between Athens and Sparta in the 5th century BCE |
|
|
Term
| The exhaustion of most of the city-states led to the rise of.. |
|
Definition
| Macedon as the major Greek power, Philip II, king of Macedon, built up an army that united the Greek city-states but it was his son ALEXANDER THE GREAT who led his armies from 334 until his death in 323 BCE to conquer PERSIA, EGYPT, and many smaller states all the way to INDIA, ushering in the HELLENISTIC AGE. |
|
|
Term
| The Hellenistic Synthesis: |
|
Definition
| During the "Hellenistic Age" the period 323-30 BCE following the conquests by Greece of lands of northeastern Africa and wester Asia, long distance trade and communications grew to new level. |
|
|
Term
| In places like Alexandria (greatest city of learning in the ancient world) |
|
Definition
| large libraries and universities were founded, and new tastes in art and literature were cultivated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the peace and stability of the period of Roman rule of most of Europ and the mediterranean. |
|
|
Term
| The Roman Empire provided the ideal conditions for the spread of a new religion called Christianity. |
|
Definition
| Apostle Paul was the one individual responsible for taking Christianity to Rome and the non-Jewish world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was built by the people of Han China, a great city equivalent to Rome. |
|
|
Term
| Hinduism is the polytheistic religion of the majority of Indians. |
|
Definition
| The combined deeds of a human lifetime in Indian culture, Karma, lead to a new status after reincarnation. The message is "You deserve to be where you are in life" |
|
|
Term
| The Indian Ocean Maritime System: |
|
Definition
| A trade network that connected the east coast of Africa to India, the islands and coastal cities of Southeast Asia and China. |
|
|
Term
| The Trans-Saharan Caravan Routes: |
|
Definition
| The network that connected the African kingdom of Ghana and other sub-Saharan communities with the Islamic kingdoms of the Middle East. |
|
|
Term
| Transmission of goods, technology, and religions, especially Islam and Buddhism, proceeded over all of the above routes. |
|
Definition
| the indian ocean maritime system and the tran-saharan caravan routes |
|
|
Term
| The Tang established a great cosmopolitan empire based on trade through inner Asia along the Silk Road. |
|
Definition
| The capital city of Chang'An grew to over a million people. |
|
|
Term
| The mongol way of life was based on nomadism, the constant movement of the society from pasture to pasture in a hunter-gathering, limited agricultual economy. |
|
Definition
| at its height, mongol domination stretched from Poland to northern China. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first great leader of the Mongol Empire also known as Temujin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| after the conquest the empire established by the Mongols in China |
|
|
Term
| During the reign of Kublai Khan |
|
Definition
| the European Marco Polo visits his writings would draw much interest from Europe to China. |
|
|
Term
| The Yuan Dynasty finally fell to internal Rebellion, and the Ming Dynasty assumed power in 1368 |
|
Definition
| The Ming dynasty established a great Chinese Empire and built the largest navy yet seen in the world. |
|
|
Term
| The greatest admiral of the 15th century who led the largest feet ever seen was.. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Turkish Khanate of Jogodai was the base of the chieftain Timur. |
|
Definition
| He conquered Muslim sultanates in Delhi and the Ottomans in Anatolia between 1398 and 1402. |
|
|
Term
| The Turkish Ottoman Empire emerged near Constantinople,e and ultimately defeated the Byzantine Empire. |
|
Definition
| The Middle East: The Rise of Islam 600-1200 CE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The primary branch that believed the secular leader and religious leader (imam) should be the same and most capable leader of the Umma. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| believed that the rightful heir should be in the direct line of succession from Muhammad himself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was crowned by the "Bishop of Rome" in 800 CE the institution of the holy Roman Empire would come later. |
|
|
Term
| The Olmec were the ancestors of the later Aztec and Mayan civilizations. |
|
Definition
| developed a network of cities in the area of central Mexico. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ancient Mesoamerican civilization on the Yucatan peninsula. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed a vast imperial power in the valley of Cuzco high up in the Andes mountains. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a muslim scholar from Morocco who traveled across norther Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and China his writings provided great historical insight into the early 14th century world of Islam. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| made a spectacular pilgrimage to Mecca in 1325 and promoted the spread of Islam in western Africa. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| became one of the largest trading cities of west Africa, and by the beginning of the 16th Century was a major center of Islamic culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| controlled the area of northern India for most of the period 1200-1500 CE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The language that evolved in northwestern India and Pakistan today. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| seen most often in the waters between India and the STRAITS OF MALACCA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formed the most strategic waterway between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific since ancient times. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the center of African trade across the Indian Ocean. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an inland kingdom of southern Africa, located on the plateau south of the Zambezi River around 1400, was also involved with land and coastal trading. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a port city at the mouth of the Red Sea, ideally situated for trade with Egypt, the Persian Gulf, Africa, and India. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The bubonic plague and killed 1/3 of all Europeans in the 14th century. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an association of city states engaged in prolific trade across northern Europe. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| included magnificent works of architecture and exemplified by the architectural wonders of late medieval Europe the Gothic Cathedrals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flowering of culture and scholarship that began in Italy and spread to northern Europe after 1200. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from Florence sponsored art and education in the 15th century did much to start the entire Renaissance movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a crisis in the church occurred when the rival popes one in Rome and one in Avignon France both claimed Papacy. |
|
|
Term
| The Hundred years war in 1337. |
|
Definition
| king of France and king of England began this war over the great schism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| took over Constantinople. |
|
|
Term
| Intellectual change in Europe |
|
Definition
| the Renaissance and the protestant reformation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Challenged the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and led to individualism and a new religious fervor to spread the gospel. |
|
|
Term
| European expansion - political change |
|
Definition
|
|
