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Study gui 1
digestive
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 3
11/15/2012

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Term
The pancreas
Definition
is an accessory organ of digestion.
Term
Digestion refers
Definition
chemical breakdown of food.
Term
Digestive functions include
Definition
mechanical processing, propulsion, secretion, absorption, excretion, and defecation.
Term
The GENERAL ROLES of the digestive tract lining are
Definition
a.To safeguard nearby tissue b.To protect from digestive acids c.To protect from physical abrasions d.To digest swallowed bacteria
Term
The lamina propria and mucus epithelium are components of the
Definition
mucosa
Term
The lamina propria is the __ Tissue
Definition
areolar tissue (loose connective tissue) that contains small blood and lymphatic vessels.
Term
Submucosa layer contains large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels that receive
Definition
absorbed food molecules
Term
The MYENTERIC PLEXUS is? Where is it located?
Definition
is a network of neurons (parasympathetic nerves). It is located at muscularis externa (sandwiched between the layer of circular and longitudinal muscle).
Term
The SUBMUCOSA PLEXUS is? And location at?
Definition
is network of neurons which is found in the submucosa. This plexus includes sensory nerves cells, parasympathetic ganglia, and sympathetic postganglionic fibers.
Term
What is muscularis mucosa?
Definition
a.It is muscle layer in the mucosa
b.It increases the surface area for digestion and absorption
c.Its contraction alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelia pleats and fold (plicae)
Term
Mesenteries are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that
Definition
hold some the visceral organs in their proper position.
Term
The SEROUS MEMBRANE that line the peritoneal cavity (PERITONEUM)
Definition
a.Reduces friction and lubricate the cavity
b.Secretes peritoneal fluid and prevents irritation
Term
Most of the digestive tract is line by
Definition
SIMPLE COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
Term
The following digestive components contains STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
Definition
a.Oropharynx and oral cavity
b.Esophagus and rectum
Term
The activities of the digestive system are regulated by
Definition
a.hormones
b.nerves (sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves)
c.the contents of the digestive tract
Term
The functions of the oral cavity include
Definition
a.Lubrication
b.Analysis of food material before swallowing
c.Mechanical processing of food
d.Limited digestion of fats (triglycerides) /not cholesterol
e.Limited digestion of carbohydrate
Term
waves of muscular contractions that propel the contents of the digestive tract from one point to another.
Definition
PERISTALSIS
Term
powerful peristaltic contractions that occur a few time a day in the colon
Definition
MASS MOVEMENT
Term
SEGMENTATION
Definition
a.Regional movements that occur in the small intestine b.To churn and fragment the food materials.
Term
In the smooth muscle of the visceral organ, when one muscle cell contracts, the
Definition
contraction spreads as a wave through the whole tissue.
Term
The GREATER OMENTUM is
Definition
a.a fatty double sheet that hangs like an apron over the abdominal viscera to provide padding for the anterior and lateral portions of the abdomen.
b.The largest peritoneal fold
Term
23. There are 3 pairs of salivary glands
Definition
PAROTID
SUBLINGUAL
SUBMANDIBULAR
Term
PAROTID
Definition
i.Secretes saliva into the oral cavity at the level of the second upper molar
ii.Produces serous secretion only that contain large amount of salivary amylase
Term
SUBLINGUAL
Definition
i.Empties saliva to the floor of the mouth
ii.Produces mucus secretions that contain small amount of amylase
Term
SUBMANDIBULAR
Definition
i.The largest salivary gland
ii.Produces mostly serous secretion, few mucus secretion
iii.Produces enzyme amylase and mucins (buffers, glycoproteins)
Term
PARASYMPATHETIC STIMULATION
Definition
increases the secretion saliva by all salivary glands
Term
Functions of the tongue include:
Definition
a.Mechanical processing of food
b.Manipulation of food
c.Sensory analysis of food
d.Assisting in speech, chewing, and swallowing
e.Secretion of enzyme lingual lipase and mucus by lingual glands in the lamina of the tongue.
Term
During deglutition
(swallowing)
Definition
a.The upper esophageal sphincter opens
b.The epiglottis closes
c.The larynx elevates
d.The soft palate elevates
Term
The DEGLUTITION REFLEX involves the motor fiber of
Definition
the cranial nerves V, IX, X, XII (5, 9, 10, 12)
Term
Secretions from the salivary glands (saliva)
Definition
a.Are mostly water (99.4%)
b.Help to initiate the digestion of complex carbohydrate and lipid (limited) by enzymes lipase and amylases
c.Help control bacterial populations in the mouth
d.Helps to lubricate the oral cavity and its contents
Term
The UVULA is located at
Definition
the posterior margin of the soft palate
Term
The PHARYNGEAL CONSTRICTORS
Definition
function in swallowing (deglutition)
Term
The esophagus:
Definition
a.Is a muscular tube
b.Has a thick lining that does not tolerate with stomach acid
c.Contains upper and lower esophageal sphincter
Term
Functions of the stomach include
Definition
a.Storage and mechanical breakdown of ingested food
b.Initiation of protein digestion by denaturation of proteins (disruption of chemical bond by enzyme PEPSIN)
c.Release intrinsic factor.
Term
General characteristics of the lining of the STOMACH:
Definition
a.It is composed of simple columnar epithelium
b.It is covered by a thick, viscous mucus
c.It is constantly replaced
d.It contains gastric pits
e.It releases intrinsic factors
Term
If the gastric mucosa is damaged or any disease cause gastric mucosa atrophy will
Definition
decrease gastric secretions and intrinsic factors. Lack of intrinsic factors causes insufficiency of vitamin B12 absorption.
Lack of B12 absorption leads to PERNICIOUS ANEMIA: red blood cells enlarge and become hypochromic
Term
CARDIA is the portion of the
Definition
stomach that connects to the esophagus
Term
FUNDUS is the
Definition
bulge of the greater curvature of the stomach.
Term
THE BODY of the stomach is
Definition
the large area of the stomach between the fundus and the J curve
Term
PYLORIS is the
Definition
curved, tubular portion of the J –shaped stomach.
Term
What is RUGAE & when does it disappear
Definition
the prominent ridges in the lining of the stomach. RUGAE disappear when the stomach is full.
Term
GASTRIC PITS
Definition
are pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells
Term
Parietal cells of the lining of the stomach produces
Definition
H+ and Cl- to form hydrochloric acid
Term
Enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the parietal cell of the stomach is needed for the formation
Definition
of HCl of the gastric fluid. Therefore, a drug that blocks the action of this enzyme would results in a higher pH (less acidic) during gastric digestion.
Term
Chief cells secrete
Definition
pepsinogen
Term
Entero-endocrine cells of the stomach secrete
Definition
gastrin (hormone
Term
what is RENNIN and it's functions ?
Definition
a.Is a proteinase that is produced in the stomachs of newborn infants
b.Functions in the digestion of milk protein
Term
The gastric contents after processing in the stomach are referred to as
Definition
CHYME
Term
What are LACTEALS?
Definition
lymphatic capillaries that carry products of digestion that will not pass through the walls of blood capillaries.
Term
What are MICELLES?
Definition
tiny spheres ,that are combinations of fatty acids, monoglycerides, and bile salts.
Term
PLICAE
Definition
a.are transverse folds in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine
b.increase the surface area of the small intestinal mucosa
c.are mostly developed in the jejunum because more absorption occurs in the jejunum (the middle portion of the intestine)
Term
Intestinal villi are fingerlike projections on the surface of the
Definition
mucosa of the small intestine
Term
The role of the intestinal crypts is to
Definition
produce new epithelial cells for the mucosa of the small intestine.
Term
In duodenum, glands are located
Definition
at SUBMUCOSA layer. These glands secrete mucus
Term
is the first portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach.
Definition
DUODENUM
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