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study cite for chapter 5
5,
57
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
04/09/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
angi/o
Definition
vessel
Term

ather/o

Definition
fatty substance
Term
cardi/o
Definition
heart
Term

cyan/o

Definition

blue

Term
coron/o
Definition
heart
Term
ox/i
Definition
oxygen
Term
ox/o
Definition
oxygen
Term
phleb/o
Definition
vein
Term
sphygm/o
Definition
pulse
Term
steth/o
Definition
chest
Term

prefixes

brady-

Definition

slow

bradycardia

Term

tachy--

Definition

fast

tachycardia

Term
--manometer
Definition

instrument to masure pressure

 

sphygmomanoeter or blood pressure cofe

Term
--ole
Definition

small

arteriole

Term
--sclerosis
Definition

hardening

arteriosclerosis

Term
--stenosis
Definition

narrowing

angiostenosis

Term
--tension
Definition

pressure

hepotension

Term
--ule
Definition

small

venule

Term
circulatory system is
Definition
also called the cardiovascular (CV) system
Term

circulatory  system is compsed of two parts:

Definition

1.Pulmonary circulation 

2. Systemic

 circulation

Term
The pulmonary circulation, between the heart and lungs transports what?
Definition
deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get oxygen and then back to the heart.
Term
The systemic circulation carry what?
Definition
carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues and cells, and then back to the heart.
Term
in addition to distributing oxygen and other nutrients, scuch as glucose and amino acids, the cardiovascular system collects what?
Definition
transport carbon dioxide and other waste products form metabolism to the lungs and kidneys, where they are eliminated from the body.
Term

the wall of the heart is quite thick and composed of three layers

Definition

1.endocardium  is the inner layer of the heart that lines the heart chambers. It is a very smooth, thin layer that serves to reduce friction as the blood passes through the heart chambers.

2.myocardium is the thick muscular middle layer of the heart. Contraction of this muscle layer develops the pressure  required to pump blood through the blood vessels.

3.epicardium is the outer layer of the heart.the outer layer of the sac is the parietal pericardium. Fluid between the two layers of the sac reduces friction as the heart beats.

 

Term
the heart is divided into four chambers or cavities
Definition

two atria or upper chambers,

two  ventricles  or lower chambers.

Term
the atria and ventricles are divided into right and left sides by wals called what?
Definition
 interatrial septum and interventricular  septum 
Term
the atria are?
Definition

is the receiving chambers of the heart

blood returning to the heart via veins first collects in the atria

Term

the ventricles are

Definition

the pumping chambers.

they have a much thicker myocardium and its contracton ejects blood out of the heart and into the great arteries.

Term
four valve of the heart that act as restraining gates to control the direction of blood flow are:
Definition

1. Tricuspid valve: this is an atrioventricular valve  means that it controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

2.Pulmonary valve: this is a semilunar valve . the prefix semi- meaning half moon, and the term lunar, meaning moon , indicate that this valve looks like a half moon. located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, this important valve allows blood to flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery.

3.mitral valve: this is also called the bicuspid valve, indicating that it has two cusps. blood flows through this atrioventricular valve to the left ventricle and cannot back up into the left atrium.

4. aortic valve: blood leaves the left ventricle through this semilunar valve between the left ventricle and into the aorta.

Term
Deoxygenated blood from all the tissues in the body, except lung tissue, enters a relaxed right atrium via two large veins called
Definition
superior vena cava and inferior vana cava
Term
the right atrium contract and blood flows through what ?
Definition
tricuspid valve into the relaxed right ventricle
Term
the right ventricle than contracts and blood is pumped through what?
Definition
pulmonary  artery which carries it to the lungs
Term
the left atrium receives blood that has been oxygenated by?
Definition

the lungs

this blood enters the relaxed left atrium from the four pulmonary veins.

Term
the left atrium contracts and blood flows through what?
Definition
the mitral valve into the relaxed left ventricle
Term
when the left ventricle contracts, the blood is pumped through what?
Definition

the aortic valve and into the aorta, the largest artery in the body

 

Term
the aorta carries blood to where?
Definition
all parts of the body except the lungs
Term
the period of time a chamber is relaxed is called what?
Definition
diastole
Term
the period of time a chamber is contraction phase called what?
Definition
systole
Term
what is the sinoatrial node or pacemaker ?
Definition

where the electrical impulse begins.

Term
the path that the impulses travel is as follows:
Definition
  1. the sinoatrial node, or pacemaker, is where the electrical impulse begins.From the sinoatrial node or go into electricity travels through the atria, causing them to contract, or go into systole.
  2. Next, the atrioventricular node is stimulated.

3. This node transfers the stimulation wave to the bundle of His.

4.The electricla signal next travels down the bundle branches whithin the  interventricular septum.

 

5.  Finally, the pukinje fibers out in the ventricular  myocardium are stimulted, which results in ventricular systole.

Term
what is blood pressure
Definition
is a measurement of the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel.
Term
during ventricular systole is
Definition
blood is undeer a lot of pressure from the ventricular contraction, giving the highest blood pressure reading--- the systolic pressure.
Term
during ventricular diastole
Definition
blood is not being pushed by the heart at all and the blood pressure reading drops to its lowest point---- the diastolic pressure.
Term
cardiodynia
Definition
heart pain
Term
my/o
Definition
muscle
Term
myocardial
Definition
pertaining to heart muscle
Term
auscultation
Definition
process of listening to the sounds within the body by using a stethoscope
Term
cyanosis
Definition
slightly bluish color of the skin due to a deficiency of oxygen and an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood. it is caused by a variety of disorders, ranging from chronic lung disease to congenital and chronic heart problems
Term
pulse
Definition
expansion and contraction of a blood vessel wall produced by blood as it moves through an artery. pulse can be taken at several pulse points throughout the body where an artery is close to the surface.
Term
sphygmomanometer
Definition

instrument for measuring blood pressure.

Also referred to as a blood pressure cuff.

Term
aneurysm
Definition
weakness in the wall of an artery that results in localized widening of the artery. Although an aneurysm may develop in any artery, common sites include the aorta in the abdomen and the cerebral arteries in the brain
Term
arrhythmia
Definition
irregularity in the heartbeat or action. Comes in many different forms; some are not serious, while others are life threatening.
Term
angina pectoris
Definition
Condition in which there is sever pain with a sensation of constriction around the heart. Caused by a deficiency of oxygen to the heart muscle.
Term

myocardial infraction

Definition

Condition caused by the partial or complete occlusion or one or more of the coronary arteries.

symptoms include a squeezing pain or heavy pressure  in the middle of the chest (angina pectoris). A delay in treatment could result in death. Also referred to as a heart attack

Term

 Abbreviations

CABG

Definition
coronary artery bypass graft
Term
DVT
Definition

deep vein thrombosis

Term

PTCA

Definition
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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