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Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart
The functions and structures of the heart and pericardium, including influences on and coordination of heart activity.
50
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/05/2014

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Term
Heart
Definition
beats 100,00 x a day,
36 million x a year
Term
Atria
Definition
upper chambers that collect blood
Term
Ventricles
Definition
lower chambers that circulate and pump blood
Term
Right side of the heart
Definition
collects and pumps deoxygenated blood
Term
Left side of the heart
Definition
collects and pumps oxygenated blood
Term
Epicardium (AKA VP)
Definition
most superficial layer of the heart
Term
Myocardium
Definition
middle layer of the heart; consists mainly of muscle fibers and connective tissue
Term
Endocardium
Definition
most deep or innermost layer of the heart
Term
Endocardium
Definition
made of simle squamous epithelium; lines the inside of heart chambers
Term
Visceral Pericardium (AKA EPC)
Definition
innermost layer of the pericardium
Term
Parietal Pericardium
Definition
middle layer of the pericardium
Term
Parietal Pericardium
Definition
contains serous fluid (pericardial fluid) for lubrication
Term
Pericardial Cavity
Definition
thin space between the Visceral and Parietal Pericardium
Term
Fibrous Pericardium
Definition
outer most layer of the pericardium
Term
Fibrous Pericardium
Definition
anchors the heart to the diaphragm
Term
Left Coronary Artery
Definition
exits from the base of the ascending aorta through the opening of the Left Sinus of Valsalva
Term
Right Coronary Artery
Definition
exits from the base of the ascending aorta through the opening of the Righ Sinus of Valsalva
Term
Heart
Definition
lies within the mediastinum and extends from the 2nd rib to the 5th intercostal space
Term
Heart
Definition
boundaries:
Anterior- sternum
Posterior- vertebral column
Lateral- lungs on either side
Inferior- diaphragm
Term
Right Atrium
Definition
receives oxygen-depleted blood from the superior/inferior vena cava
Term
Right Ventricle
Definition
Tricuspid Valve opens to release blood into here
Term
Right Ventricle
Definition
contracts to send oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs via the pulmonary arteries
Term
Left Atrium
Definition
receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins
Term
Left Ventricle
Definition
Mitral Valve opens to release blood into here
Term
Left Ventricle
Definition
contracts to send oxygen-rich blood to the aorta; the heart's most muscular chamber
Term
Interatrial Septum (IAS)
Definition
separates the right and left atrium
Term
Interventricular Septum (IVS)
Definition
separates the right and left ventricles
Term
The Caridac Cycle
Definition
all events associated with one heartbeat
Term
The Cardiac Cycle
Definition
measured as B.P.
Term
Sphygmomanometer
Definition
tool used to measure blood pressure
Term
Systole
Definition
period of ventricular contraction; the higher number in B.P.
Term
Systole
Definition
Term
Diastole
Definition
period of relaxation of all four chambers of the heart
Term
Diastole
Definition
the lower number in B.P.
Term
Tricuspid Valva (AKA RAV)
Definition
located between right atrium and ventricle
Term
Mitral Valve (AKA LAV)
Definition
located between the left atrium and ventricle
Term
Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
Definition
at the base of the pulmonary artery
Term
Aortic Semilunar valve
Definition
at the base of the aorta
Term
Sinoatrial Node (SA)
Definition
the heart's primary pacemaker
Term
Sinoatrial Node (SA)
Definition
initiates and coordinates heart contractions
Term
Sinoatrial Node (SA)
Definition
produces spontaneous electrical signals at a regular rate
Term
Atrioventricular Node (AV)
Definition
slows the electric impulses, postponing ventricular contraction by 0.1 seconds
Term
Atrioventricular Node (AV)
Definition
delays contractions to give atria time to complete transfer of blood
Term
Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
Definition
applies a jolt of electricity to the heart to synchronize contractions
Term
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Definition
measures electrical activity underlying contractions
Term
P Wave
Definition
atrial contraction
Term
QRS Complex
Definition
ventricular contraction
Term
T Wave
Definition
just before ventricular relaxation
Term
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Definition
decreases heart rate
Term
Sympathetic Nervous System
Definition
increases heart rate
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