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Structures of the Neck
Major Divisions, Muscles, Nerves, & Blood Vessels
42
Anatomy
Professional
08/24/2009

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Anterior border of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoideus
Term
posterior border of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
anterior edge of the trapezius
Term
base of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
middle 1/3 of the clavicle
Term
apex of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
superior nuchal line of the occipital bone
Term
roof of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
investing layer of deep cervical fascia
Term
floor of the posterior triangle of the neck
Definition
prevertebral fascia
Term

Sternocleidomastoideus

 

(origin and insertion)

Definition

origin: mastoid process

 

Insertion: medial 1/3 of clavicle and sternum

Term

Sternocleidomastoideus

 

(innervation)

Definition
accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
Term

Sternocleidomastoideus

 

(action)

Definition

Flexes head with bilateral contraction; ipsilateral contraction turns head contralaterally
»Also acts as an accessory muscle of respiration.

Term

Trapezius

 

(origin and insertion)

Definition

origin: superior nuchal line

 

insertion: to lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula

Term

Trapezius

 

(innervation)

Definition
accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)
Term

Trapezius

 

(action)

Definition

Upper fibers elevates shoulder girdle and supports weight of upper limb; lower fibers draw scapula towards vertebral column.  

 

Term

Accessory Nerve

 

(position and function in that position)

Definition

Lies in the roof of the posterior triangle of the neck, passing posterioinferiorly to sternocleidomastoideus to trapezius. Here it lies deep to the platysma within the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia and is vulnerable.

The cranial nerve XI divides the roof of the posterior triangle into a superior (carefree) portion and an inferior (careful!) region containing the cervical plexus.
Term

Deep Cervical Fascia

 

(function/position)

Definition
covers the sternocleidomastoideus, posterior triangle of the neck, and trapezius
Term

Contents of the posterior triangle

 

(5)

Definition

1. Accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI, sa).
2. Cutaneous cervical branches (lo, ga, tc, sc).
3. External jugular vein (blue).
4. Occipital and supraclavicular lymph nodes (green).
5. Inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle 

Term
Cutaneous Cervical Nerves
Definition

Part of the cervical plexus, appear from the posterior border of sternocleidomastoideus and penetrate the investing fascia over the posterior triangle.  They are derived from the anterior rami of C2, 3, and 4. 5 main parts:

1. lesser occipital nerve

2. greater auricular nerve

3. transverse cervical nerve

4. supraclavicular nerves

5. sensory nerve to the trapezius

Term
Lesser Occipital Nerve
Definition

-C2


-innervates the skin posterior to the ear and superficial to the mastoid process.

Term
Greater Auricular Nerve
Definition

-C2,C3

 

-innervates the skin over the upper aspects of sternocleidomastoideus, ear lobe and the fascia over the parotid gland.

Term
Transverse Cervical Nerve
Definition

-C2, C3


-innervates the skin over the Adam’s apple.

Term
supraclavicular nerves
Definition

-C3, C4

 

- overlap with cutaneous branches from upper thoracic intercostal nerves.  They may exhibit referred pain from pleura and peritoneum (phrenic nerves C3, 4, 5).

Term

Lymph nodes of the posterior triangle 

 

(2 types)

Definition

1. Supraclavicular lymph nodes

2. (Sub)Occipital nodes, found at the apex of the posterior triangle, are enlarged with german measles or scalp infection. 

Term

What structures make up the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck?

 

(5)

Definition

-Semispinalis capitis
-Splenius capitis
-Levator scapulae
-Scalene muscles
-Serratus anterior

 

Term

Scalenes posterior and medius

 

(origin, insertion, what do they form?)

Definition

Origin: posterior tubercles of cervical vertebrae

 

Insertion: ribs 1 and 2, posterior to the subclavian artery

 

*they form the scalene mass

Term

Scalene Anterior

 

(origin and insertion)

Definition

Origin: anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of cervical vertebra C3-C6.

 

Insertion: scalene tubercle of rib 1, separating the subclavian artery from the subclavian vein

Term
Which cervical vertebrae have anterior tubercles?
Definition
C3, 4, 5 and 6
Term

What does the prevertebral fascia cover?

 

(5)

Definition

- covers
1. the vertebral column,
2. the prevertebra and postvertebral muscles of the neck.
3. the floor of the posterior triangle of the neck,
4. the subclavian artery
5. the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus and the loops of the cervical plexus.

Term
What happens as the prevertebral fascia is drawn into the axilla?
Definition

-it becomes the axillary sheath, and forms an infection route from the posterior compartment of the neck to the axilla, producing upper extremity signs and symptoms.

Term
What nerves lie deep to the prevertebral fascia?
Definition

the nerves to the

levator scapulae,

rhomboids (C5),

serratus anterior (C5, 6, 7)

and phrenic nerves (C3, 4, 5).

Term
What does the lateral group of inferior deep cervical lymph nodes drain?
Definition

the back of the scalp and the neck into the jugular lymphatic trunks. 

 

Most of the lymph nodes are associated with the jugular vein deep to sternocleidomastoideus

Term
What are the 2 main blood vessels associated with the posterior triangle?
Definition

1. Subclavian artery

 

2. Subclavian vein

Term

Subclavian vein

 

(origin, insertion)

Definition

-is a continuation of axillary vein.

Origin: lateral border of rib 1
Ends: medial to scalene anterior.
l
*joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein.

Term

Subclavian vein

 

(position and clinical function)

Definition
-lies posterioinferiorly to the clavicle, where it can be catharized at this point
Term

Subclavian Artery

 

(origin, ending, and clinical info)

Definition

Origin: enters the posterior triangle behind the insertion point of scalenus anterior (sa).
End: becomes the axillary artery at the lateral border of rib 1.
*may be compressed on rib 1 for control of bleeding in the axilla or upper limb.

Term
What branch of the subclavian artery may be given off to supply the vertebral border of the scapula and rhombodei?
Definition
-the dorsal scapular branch, although this area is normally supplied by the transverse cervical artery
Term
Name the inferior, posterior, and anterior relationships to the subclavian artery
Definition

inferiorly:  rib 1 and pleura of apex of lung.
posteriorlyscalenus medius and lower trunk of brachial plexus.
anteriorlyscalenus anterior.

Term
Name the 2 branches of the subclavian artery
Definition

1. Suprascapular artery

 

2. Transverse cervical artery

Term
Where do the 2 branches of the subclavian artery arise from?
Definition

Both arise from the thyrocervical trunk from the 1st
part of the subclavian artery, medial to
scalenus anterior, cross the lower part of the
posterior triangle, just above the clavicle.

Term
What does the suprascapular artery supply?
Definition
The supraspinous and infraspinous fossae and their contents
Term
What does the transverse cervical artery supply?
Definition

-supplies the posterior surface of trapezius by a superficial branch which runs over levator scapulae.
-Deep branches supply rhomboidei and medial border of the scapula, running deep to levator scapulae.  They may be replaced by the dorsal scapular artery.

Term
How are spinal nerves named in the cervical region?
Definition
the spinal nerves are named for the vertebrae lying below them:  C1 nerve lies above C1 vertebra
Term
How are spinal nerves names in the thoracic, lumbar and sacral regions?
Definition

spinal nerves are named for the vertebrae lying above them:  T1 nerve lies below T1 vertebra.

Term

platysma muscle

 

(o, i, inervat., action)

Definition

Origin: inferior clavicle and fascia covering the chest

 

Insertion: mandible

 

Innervation: cervical branch of the facial nerve (CN VII)

 

Action: pulls corners of mouth inferiorly and skin of neck superiorly

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