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Stomach, duodenum, pancreas, and liver
Medical School Gross Anatomy
47
Anatomy
Graduate
10/24/2011

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Cards

Term
What is the point where the right and left peritoneal sac meet?
Definition
Mesentery or Meogastrium
Term
Which mesentery eventually falls out after crossing the liver?
Definition
ventral mesentery
Term
What is the name for a structure completely surrounded by mesentery?
Definition
mesenteric structure
Term
What is the name for a structure that is covered only on the anterior surface by mesentery (rests on posterior abdominal wall)
Definition
Primary Retroperitoneal structure
Term
What is the name of structures that at one time were mesenteric but then traveled to the posterior abdominal wall?
Definition
Secondary Retroperitoneal Structure
Term
The turning of the developmental stomach creates what peritoneal layers?
Definition
Lesser and Greater sac
Term
What is the epiploic foramen (Foramen of Winslow)?
Definition
foramen that allows for communication between the greater and lesser sac
Term
What is the lesser omentum?
Definition
Right and left peritoneal sac from the liver to the stomach

anterior wall of lesser sac
Term
What is the greater omentum?
Definition
Peritoneal facia coming off of the greater curvature of the stomach.

transverse colon adds to extra layers of mesentery to the greater omentum (6 layers above transverse Colon, 4 below)
Term
What are the ligaments that comprise the lesser omentum?
Definition
Hepatogastric ligament and Hepatoduodenal ligament
Term
What are the ligaments of the greater omentum?
Definition
Gastrocolic ligament, Gastrophrenic ligament, and Gastrolienal ligament
Term
How many layers of muscle does the stomach have?
Definition
inner circular
outer longitudinal
oblique
Term
What does the oblique layer of muscle in the stomach do?
Definition
Causes folds in the mucosal lining of the stomach called Rugae
Term
What are the three major branches of the celiac trunk?
Definition
Splenic, Common Hepatic, and Left Gastric artery
Term
What branches does the Splenic artery give?
Definition
Short Gastrics and Left Gastroepiploic
Term
What branch does the left branch give off?
Definition
Esophageal branches
Term
What branches does the Common Hepatic artery give off?
Definition
Right Gastric, Proper Hepatic, Gastroduodenal, Superior Pancreaticoduodenal, Right Gastroepiploic
Term
What are the nerves providing sympathetic innervation to the stomach region?
Definition
Greater Thoracic Splanchnic (T5-T9)

Lesser Thoracic Splanchnic (T10-11)

Lease Thoracic Splanchnic (T12)
Term
Where does the Greater Thoracic Splanchnic synapse?
Definition
Celiac Ganglion
Term
What provides parasympathetics to the stomach region?
Definition
Vagus nerves (anterior and posterior)
Term
How many distinct parts does the duodenum have?
Definition
Four
Term
What is the first part of the Duodenum?
Definition
Ampulla
Term
What is the name for the mucuosal folds in the duodenum?
Definition
Plicae Cicularis
Term
What important structures are found in the second part of the Duodenum?
Definition
Minor and major Duoddenal Papilla
Term
What is the major duodenal papilla
Definition
Spot where the major pancreatic duct and bile duct empty
Term
What is the minor duodenal papilla?
Definition
Spot where the acessory pancreatic duct empties
Term
What is Wirsungs duct?
Definition
Major pancreatic duct
Term
What is the Santorini Duct?
Definition
Accessory pancreatic duct
Term
What part of the pancreas is posterior to the mesenteric artery and vein?
Definition
Uncinate Process
Term
What are the islets of Langerhans?
Definition
Alpha and Beta cells in the pancreas that create Glucagon and Insulin respectively
Term
What is the important branch of the Superior mesenteric that provides vascularization to the pancreas?
Definition
Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery
Term
What is the branch of the Splenic artery that provides vascularization to the pancreas?
Definition
Pancreatica Magna
Term
What is a common indication of spleen pathology?
Definition
Palpable spleen
Term
What are the ligaments that attach to the spleen?
Definition
Gastrosplenic ligament and Splenorenal Ligament
Term
What is the ligament on the anterior surface of the liver?
Definition
Falciform Ligament (ventral mesentary)
Term
What is the Ligamentum Teres Hepatus?
Definition
Vestigial ligament from umbilical vein during development. Runs from liver to umbillicus
Term
What is the bare area of the liver?
Definition
area of the liver that pushes up on the diaphragm and is not covered in peritoneum
Term
What is the coronary ligament?
Definition
Area where peritoneum reflects from diaphragm onto liver
Term
What is the left/right triangular ligament?
Definition
Components of the coronary ligament where it reflects from the liver to the diaphragm
Term
What is the name of the duct coming off of the gall bladder?
Definition
Cystic Duct
Term
All venous blood from the digestive system enters the liver via the?
Definition
Portal vein
Term
Bile from the left and right lobes of the liver travel along which ducts?
Definition
Hepatic Ducts
Term
Bile from the left and right lobes of the liver travel along which ducts?
Definition
Hepatic Ducts
Term
What is the name for the duct that represents the joining of the cystic and hepatic ducts?
Definition
Common bile duct
Term
What is the Triangle of Calot?
Definition
Space near the gall bladder that has the following borders: Hepatic Duct, Cystic Duct, and Liver
Term
What is the Kocher maneuver?
Definition
Pinching the vessels around the hepatoduodenal ligament has the effect of stopping the flow of:

proper hepatic artery
common bile duct
portal vein
Term
What is the Vater Ampulla
Definition
The vater (hepatopancreatic) ampulla is where the pancreatic duct and common bile duct empty
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