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St. Francis University
Muscles of the Pharynx
43
Anatomy
Graduate
02/18/2008

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Cards

Term
Where is the pharynx located?
Definition
Posterior to the nasal cavities, mouth and larynx.
Term
Describe the pharynx
Definition
Funnel shaped with upper end inferior to the base of skull, narrow end becomes part of the esophagus at the 6th vertebrae.
Term
Which muscles of the pharynx are circular in direction?
Definition
Superior, Middle, and inferior
Term
Which muscles of the pharynx are longitudinal in direction?
What do these muscles do?
Definition
Stylopharyngeus and Salingopharyngeus. These muscles elevate the pharynx and larynx.
Term
Superior Constrictor
Definition
Origin: Pterygoid hamulus, ptergomandibular raphe; posterior end of mylohyoid line of mandible and side of tongue.

Insertion: Pharyngeal tubercle on basilar part of occipital bone

Innervation: Pharyngeal branch of Vagus nerve and pharyngeal plexus.
Actions: constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing.
Term
Middle constrictor
Definition
Origin: Stylohyoid ligament and greater and lesser horns of hyoid

Insertion: Pharyngeal raphe

Innervation: Pharyngeal branch of vagus and pharyngeal plexus plus branches of external and recurrent laryngeal nerves of vagus.

Action: Constrict walls of pharynx during swallowing
Term
Inferior constrictor
Definition
Origin: Oblique line of thyroid cartilage and side of cricoid cartilage.

Insertion: Pharyngeal raphe, and cricopharyngeal part encircles pharyngoesophageal junction without forming a raphe

Innervation: Pharyngeal ranch of vagus and pharyngeal plexus, plus branches of external and recurrent layngeal nerves of vagus

Action: constric walls of pharynx during swallowing
Term
Salpingopharngeus
Definition
Origin: Cartilaginous part of pharyngotympanic tube

Insertion: blends with palatopharyngeus

Innervation: pharyngeal branch of vagus and pharyngeal plexus

Action: Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
Term
Stylopharyngeus
Definition
Origin: Styloid process of temporal bone

Insertion: Posterior and superior borders of thyroid cartilage with palatopharyngeus

Innervation: Glossopharyngeal nerve

Action: Elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and speaking
Term
Where does the nasal part of pharynx lie? what happens to it during swallowing?
Definition
behind the nasal cavities, above the soft palate. When the soft palate is raised and the posterior wall of the pharynx is drawn anteriorly (swallowing) the nasal part is shut off from the oral part.
Term
Where does the oral part lie? What else is located here on the lateral walls?
Definition
Behind the mouth cavity and extends from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis. The palatine tonsils are located here.
Term
Where does the laryngeal part of pharynx lie?
Definition
Behind the opening into the larynx and the posterior surface of the larynx.
Term
What nerve supplies sensory neurons to the mucous membrane of the nasal part of pharynx?
Definition
Maxillary V3 from Trigeminal nerve
Term
What supplies sensory neurons to the mucous membrane of oral part of pharynx?
Definition
Glossopharyngeal
Term
What supplies sensory neurons to the mucous membrane of larynx?
Definition
Internal laryngeal branch of vagus nerve.
Term
What supplies motor neurons to the muscles of the pharynx for the most part? Which muscle is not included?
Definition
The cranial part of the accessory nerve via the Vagus to pharyngeal plexus. The Stylopharyngeus is innervated by the Glossopharyngeal nerve.
Term
What arteries serve the pharynx?
Definition
Ascending pharyngeal, ascending palatine, facial, maxillary, and lingual arteries.
Term
Which lymph nodes receive lymph from the pharynx?
Definition
The deep cervical lymph nodes.
Term
What makes up the hard palate?
Definition
The maxillae and palatine bones
Term
What makes up the soft palate?
Definition
It is the mobile fold posterior to the hard palate. The muscles are the Tensor veli palatine, levator veli palatine, palatoglosus, palatopharyngeus, and musculus uvulae.
Term
What nerves serve the soft palate?
Definition
Cranial nerve 9: Glossopharyngeal
Term
What nerves serve the hard palate?
Definition
Cranial Nerve 5, V2 (maxillary) via three branches.
Term
What arteries serve the Palate?
Definition
Maxillary, facial, and ascending pharyngeal arteries.
Term
Where does lymph from the palate collect?
Definition
In the deep cervical nodes.
Term
Explain what happens during swallowing.
Definition
Bolus moves to posterior of mouth, hard palate, and oral part of the pharynx.

The nasal part of pharynx is closed.

Larynx is pulled forward by superior constrictor.

Main part of larynx is elevated to the epiglottis by muscles.

Larynx is closed

Sup. Mid. and Inf. constrictors sequentially contract to move food to the esophagus.
Term
What makes up the external nose?
Definition
Root, Bridge, nostrils, nares, nasal septum, and ala
Term
What empties into the nasal cavity?
Definition
Maxillary, frontal, and anterior ethmoidal sinuses empty into cavity.
Term
What supplies general sensation to the nose cavity?
Definition
Opthalmic and maxillary divisions of the Trigeminal nerve.
Term
What supplies blood to the nasal cavity?
Definition
Maxillary artery.

Bleeding from the nose usually comes from a vestibule and i an anastomosis of the maxillary and facial arteries. (epistaxis)
Term
Where are the paranasal sinuses found?

What do they consist of?

What do they do?
Definition
In the interior of the maxilla, frontal sphenoid and ethmoid bones.

They are lined with mucoperiosteum and filled with air. They communicate with nasal cavity through small apertures.

They function as resonators to the voice and reduce the wight of skull.
Term
What is the larynx?
Definition
A specialized organ that provides a protective sphincter at the inlet of the air passages and is responsible for voice production.

It involves a framework of cartilages connected by membranes and ligaments and moved by muscles.
Term
What makes up the Larynx?
Definition
Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, other cartilages, Hyoid bone, epiglottis.
Term
What muscles elevate the larynx during swallowing?
Definition
Digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, and geniohyoid.
Term
What muscles depress the larynx after swallowing?
Definition
Sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid.
Term
What do the intrinsic muscles of larynx do?
Definition
Control inlet to larynx, control vocal folds.
Term
What muscles are the extrinsic muscles of larynx?
Definition
Elevators and depressors.
Term
What is the sphincteric function of the larynx?
Definition
The inlet sphincter pulls the larynx tight to posterior tongue while a bolus of food passes posteriorly.

The epiglottis moves posteriorly and is a cap over the inlet.
Term
What is the rima glottidis?
Definition
It serves as a sphincter, after inspiration, vocal folds adduct, muscles of expiration are made to contract strongly, vocal folds abduct and released air dislodges object into the pharynx so it can be swallowed.
Term
How is voice produced by the larynx?
Definition
Intermittent release of expired air between adducted vocal folds caused vibration.

Frequency and pitch depend on tension of ligaments

Quality of voice depends on resonators above larynx (pharynx, mouth, and paranasal sinuses)

Quality is controlled by soft palate, tongue and floor of mouth, cheeks, lips and jaw.
Term
What are the motor nerves to the Larynx?
Definition
Recurrent laryngeal from Vagus and external laryngeal from vagus.

VAGUS
Term
What are the sensor nerves to the Larynx?
Definition
Superior and internal laryngeal from VAGUS.
Term
What arteries serve the Larynx?
Definition
Superior and inferior thyroid arteries
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