Shared Flashcard Set

Details

St. Francis University
The Heart
68
Anatomy
Graduate
02/19/2008

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition
Term
[image]
Definition
Term
Definition
Foramen Ovale: Closes at birth and becomes the fossa ovale which separates blood from going to the atrium.

Coronary Sinus: Collection of veins joined together coming from periphery to form a large vessel that collects blood from the myocardium of the heart.
Term
[image]
Definition
1. Arch of the Aorta
2. Superior Vena Cava
3. Pulmonary Artery
4. Right Pulmonary Veins
5. Right Atrium
6. Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid)
7. Right Ventricle
8. Inferior Vena Cava
9. Pulmonary Artery
10. Left Pulmonary Veins
11. Left Atrium
12. Mitral Valve
13. Aortic Valve
14. Left Ventricle
15. Aorta
Term
Blood Flow Through the Heart
Definition
[image]
Term
Explain the blood flow through heart
Definition
From the lower body, blood goes through the inferior vena cava into the right atrium. From the upper body, blood flows through the superior vena cava to the right atrium. From the right atrium, the blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. From the right ventricle the blood flows through the pulmonary valve, then out the pulmonary arteries to the right and left lungs. From the lungs the oxygenated blood comes back through the pulmonary veins (4-5 vessels, almost one for every lung lobe.) The pulmonary veins bring the blood into the left atrium, and then through the Mitral valve to the left ventricle which then forces the blood out the aorta and to the rest of the body.
Term
How many openings are in the left atrium for vessels from the lungs?
Definition
4 or 5, almost one for each lobe.
Term
What muscles are on the walls of the ventricles? what are these muscles for?
Definition
Trabeculli Cami Muscles. It is believed that they create extra resistance for blood pressure.
Term
What are Pectinate muscles?
Definition
They are located on the auricles of the Atrium in the heart which is mostly smooth except for the lumps caused by these muscles.
Term
Where are Trabeculi Carni muscles located?
Definition
On the walls of the ventricles. They are free standing papillary muscles.
Term
What are Chordae Tendinae?
Definition
These are tendinous cords attached from the muscle of the ventricles to the valves.
Term
What goes through the Right Atrium?
Definition
inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, with atrial-ventricular valve (tricuspid), Coronary sinus.
Term
What is the membranous part of the heart?
Definition
The crowded area at the superior interior of the heart. Lots of vessels contained here.
Term
Coronary Artery branches
Definition
Left coronary artery, right coronary artery based on anatomical position.
Term
What is the Mediastinum?
Definition

Non-delineated group of structures in the thorax, surrounded by loose connective tissue. 

 

Central compartment of the thoracic cavity.

 

Contains heart, great vessels of heart, esophagus, trachea, thymus, and lymph nodes of the central chest.

Term
Middle Mediastinum
Definition
includes the pericardium, heart, roots of vessels, ascending aorta, pulmonary trunk, superior vena cava
Term
Pericardium
Definition

Fibroserous membrane that covers the heart.

 

Begins at the great vessels.

Term

the 2 layers of the pericardium...

Definition

External surface of fibrous pericardium, continuous w/ central tendon of diaphragm.

 

Internal surface of fibrous pericardium is lined w/ glistening serous membrane --> parietal layer of serous pericardium

Term
Great Vessels
Definition

Aorta

Pulmonary trunk & veins

Superior & inferior vena cavae

Term
Serous Pericardium
Definition

Composed of Mesothelium

 

Single layer of flattened cells forming on epithelium that lines both the internal surface of fibrous pericardium and external surface of heart.

Term
Fibrous Pericardium
Definition

Continuous w/ tunica adventitia of great vessels.

 

Attach anteriorly to sternum = sternopericardial Ligaments

 

Attach posteriorly to mediastinum = by loose connective tissue

 

Continuous inferiorly w/ central tendon of diaphragm.

Term
Pericardiacophrenic Ligament
Definition

Inferior fibrous pericardial sac attach to the central tendon of diaphragm

 

Holds heart in place in the fibrous sac.

Term

Functions of the pericardium

Definition

Protect heart against sudden overfilling.

 

b/c the pericardium is unyielding.

Term
Pericardial Cavity
Definition

Space between the parietal & visceral layers

 

Contains a thin film of fluid

Term
Visceral Layer of Pericardium
Definition
make up the epicardium...the outermost layer of the heart wall.
Term
Transverse Pericardial Sinus
Definition

Lies between 2 groups of vessels.

 

1.  aorta & pulmonary trunk

 

2.  SVC, IVC, pulmonary vein

Term
Oblique Pericardial Sinus
Definition

Wide-pocket like recess in pericardial cavity posterior to base of heart.

 

Formed by the left atrium.

 

Contains the SVC, IVC, and the pulmonary vein.

Term

Arterial supply of the pericardium.

Definition

Pericardiacophrenic Artery...runs w/ phrenic nerve.

 

Small contributions from:

Musculophrenic artery

Bronchial, esophageal, superior phrenic artery

Conorary artery

 

 

Term
Venous Drainage of Pericardium
Definition

Pericardiacophrenic Veins

Azygos Venous System

Term
Nerve Supply to Pericardium
Definition

Phrenic Nerve C3-C5 = Sensory Fibers

C3-C5 = Dermatomes of ipsilateral supraclavicular

 

Vagus Nerve

 

Sympathetic trunks = Vasomotor

Term
Phrenic Nerve to Pericardium
Definition

Somatic Nerves

Within Pleuropericardial Membranes

Term
Pericardium
Definition

Fibroserous Sac.

Contain Heart & Root of great vessels.

Not elastic.

Attach anteriorly & inferiorly to Sternum & Diaphragm.

Hold heart @ mediastinal position.

Limit expansion of heart.

parietal layer sensitive - pain impulses by somatic phrenic nerve.

Term
Cardiac Cycle
Definition

the synchronous pumping actions fo the heart's 2 AV pumps

Term
Diastole
Definition
Ventricular elongation and filling
Term
Systole
Definition
Ventricular shorting and emptying
Term
the 3 layers of the heart?
Definition

Endocardium - think internal layer, made of endothelium and subendothelial connective tissue

 

Myocardium - thick, helical middle layer, composed of caridac muscle

 

Epicardium - think external layer, mesothelium, formed by the visceral layer of serous pericardium

Term
Apex of the Heart
Definition

Formed by inferolateral part of the left ventricle

 

Lies posterior to the 5th intercostal space

 

Remain motionless through cardiac cycle

 

 

Term
Base of the Heart
Definition

Posterior aspect of the heart

 

formed by left atrium, little by the right atrium

 

Face posteriorly toward body of vertebrae

 

receive pulmonary vein on right and left, superior/inferior vena cavae on top and bottom

Term
4 surfaces of the Heart
Definition

Anterior (sternocostal) - right ventricle

 

Diaphragmatric (inferior) - left & right ventricle, central tendon of diaphragm

 

Right Pulmonary - right atrium

 

Left Pulmonary - left ventricle - forms the cardiac impression fo the left lung

Term
4 borders of the Heart
Definition

Right - slightly convex - right atrium, btw SVC & IVC

 

Inferior - Oblique - Left and Right ventricle

 

Left - Horizontal - Left ventricle & left auricle

 

Superior - Left & Right atria and auricle

Term

Right Atrium

Definition

Forms the right border of heart

 

Receive venous blood from SVC, IVC, Coronary sinus

 

 

Term
Right Auricle
Definition
Conical muscular pouch that extend the capacity of the atrium
Term
Sulcus Terminalis
Definition

Separate the smooth & rough part of the aterial wall

 

Shallow vertical groove

Term
Crista Terminalis
Definition

Separate the smooth & rough part of the aterial wall on the internal side

 

Vertical ridges

 

"Terminal crest"

Term
Opening of the SVC in relation to the body?
Definition
at the 3rd costal cartilage
Term
Opening of the IVC in relation to the body?
Definition
at the 5th costal cartilage
Term
Interatrial Septum
Definition

Separate Left and Right Atria

 

Oval, thumbprint shape depression

 

oval fossa

Term

Conus Arteriosus

Definition

Superior part of the ventricle - arterial cone

 

Infudibulum

 

Leads into pulmonary trunk

Term
Trabeculae Carneae
Definition

Irregular muscular elevations on the inside of the right ventricle

Term
Chordae Tendineae
Definition

also know as Tendinous Cords

 

Attach to the free edges and ventricular surface of the anterior, posterior, and septal cusps.

 

Arise from the papillary muscles

Term
Papillary Muscles
Definition

Begin to contract before contraction of the right ventricle

 

Tightening the tendinous cords/chordae tendineae

 

Drawing the cusps together - to prevent backflow

Term
The different papillary muscles of the right ventricle
Definition

Anterior papillary muscle - largest & arise from anterior wall of right ventricle.  Tendinous cords attach to ant & post tricuspid valve

 

Posterior papillary muscle - arise from inferior wall.  Tendinous cords attach to post & septal cusps

 

Septal papillary muscle - arise from interventricular septum.  Tendinous cords attach to ant & septal cusps.

Term
Interventricular Septum (IVS)
Definition

- muscular & membranous part

-strong, obliquely placed btw right and left ventricles

-forms part of the wall of the ventricles

 

more thickness on the left ventricle

Term
Septomarginal Trabecula (moderator band)
Definition

A curved muscular bundle that transverses the right ventricular chamber from the inferior part of the IVS to the base fo anterior papillary muscle

 

 

Term

Semilunar Valves

Definition
Pulmonary and Aorta
Term
Pulmonary Valve
Definition

@ Apex of Conus Arteriosus

 

@ left 3rd costal cartilage

Term
Left Atrium
Definition

Forms most fo the base of the heart

 

Is Valveless, where right & left pulmonary veins enter

 

 

Term
Interior of the Left Atrium
Definition

Pectinate muscles

 

4 pulmonary veins

 

Thicker wall then right atrium

 

Interarterial Septum slopes postior and to the right

 

Left AV orifice

Term
Left Ventricle
Definition

Apex of the Heart

 

Works harder then the right ventricle

 

 

Term
Interior of Left Ventricle
Definition

Walls are 2-3 x thicker than right ventricle

 

walls cover w/ trabeculae carneae

 

conical cavity is longer

 

Anterior & Posterior Papillary mucles are larger

 

Aortic Vestibule - leads to aortic orifice & valve

 

Mitral Valve - Double -leaflet, guards left AV orifice

Term
Aortic Orifice
Definition

Surrounded by fibrous ring

 

Start of ascending aorta

Term
Mitral Valve
Definition

Has 2 cusps - ant and post

 

Located posterior to sternum @ 4th costal level

 

Each cusps receives tendinous cords from many papillary muscles

Term
Papillary Muscles
Definition
Prevent the cusps from giving into the pressure of the ventricle during contraction
Term
Aortic Valve
Definition

Semilunar

 

btw left ventricle and ascend aorta @ level of 3rd intercostal space

Term
Semilunar Valves
Definition

3 Semilunar Cusps of Pulmonary valve - ant, right, left

 

3 Semilunar Cusps of Aorta valve - post, right, left

 

No Tendinous Cords

Term
Lunule
Definition
Edge of each cusp
Term
Nodule
Definition
Apex of the angulated free edge
Supporting users have an ad free experience!