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| Protestant of (WASP) White Anglo Saxon People |
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| (Commonly known as Prohibition) Which prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transport of non-medicinal alcohol and prohibited beer and liquor consumption, thus curtailing the favored leisure activity of many Americans, especially among ethnic minorities. |
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| National Railroad strike in July 1877 |
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| Crippled the transportation network and Chicago the center of the anarchist movement. (Over the next 8 years Chicago suffered 528 strikes, at a cost of $9million) |
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| May 4, 1886 when an altercation between workers and police killed eight and wounded sixty. The police responded with indiscriminate fun-fire that felled many more. |
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| 1893 Worlds Columbian Exposition |
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| At the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in the host city of Chicago, historian Fredrick Jackson Turner announced the closing of the American frontier and claimed the frontier experience was integral in shaping the American Character. |
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| Psychologist G. Stanley Hall |
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| Sports went through evolution and he gave and idea for more complex sports other then hunting and tag that required cooperative games that required leadership, strategy, and the characteristics of civilized societies |
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| In 1855 Oberlin College in Ohio began training physical educators |
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| A wealthy Bostonian, founded the Boston Normal School of Gymnastics, which favored the Swedish system that emphasized flexibility rather than strength. |
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| Introduced weight training machines and anthropometric measurements. |
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| In 1888 Boston Highschools formed a football league and similar organizations soon appeared throughout the midwest. |
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| Opend the University of Chicago and opened in 1892 and began offering interscholastic tournaments in track and basketball. |
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| 1895 William Morgan Invented volleyball another indoor sport. |
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| Incented the sport called basket foot ball (Basketball) A game to control and keep the athletes in shape between seasons. |
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| The Father of American Football |
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| University of Chicago's first head football coach. |
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| Walter "Pudge" Heffelfinger |
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| A Yale All-American and the most acclaimed player of his day, began accepting "expenses" to play for a Chicago athletic club tem in 1892. Professionalism quickly spread throughout western Pennsylvania and eastern ohio as communities imported players for big games. |
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| The Georgia Legislature moved to ban football when one of its players died in an 1897 game with Virginia until the player's mother protested the proposal. |
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| Founded the settlement house aimed at assisting families in an immigrant ghetto. Jane was also one of the first generation of college educated women. |
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| Athletic Director of Chicago Hebrew Institute from 1908 to 1923 |
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| Playground Association of America(PAA) produced by Jane Adams Lillian Wald Luther Gulick and Henry Curtis |
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| New York City Mayor campaigned in 1887 for parks and public baths to serve the needs of poor residents. |
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| The Director of Chicago's Playgrounds |
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| "Conspicuous consumption" |
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| A Means to construct social class lines in a supposedly classless democracy. |
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| Founded St. Andrews Golf Club in 1888 with a primitive course. |
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| Invented the first practical clay pigeon allowing for trapshooting championships |
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| Developed city plans for Playgrounds with lakefront safeguarded spaces for Washington, D.C, Cleveland, San Fran, Chicago, and even Manila and Baguio, the capital and summer haven, respectively, of Americans in the US colony of Philippines. |
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| Won six Olympic medals from 1912 through 1932 and serced as a cultural ambassador for sport, popularizing Hawaiian surfing around the world. |
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| General James Franklin Bell |
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| Commander of U.S. forces in Manila He claimed that "baseball had done more to civilize Filipinos than anything else" |
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| A former Harvard football coach and heir to the Bell Telephone Company with political connections, served as a governor-general of the Filipinos islands |
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| "Woman's Christian Temperance Union" |
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| Stanislaw Kecal "Michigan Assassin" |
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| The Greatest Polish Athletic Star Boxer of the Progressive Era. He americanized his name to Stanley Ketchel as a professional boxer. Considered the best middleweight of all time. |
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| The Italians Favorite Boxer at the age of 20 he fought a draw for the bantamweight championship he then earned the championship a year later. He only suffered one knockout in his career. |
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| "Italian Ping Bodie" Francisco Stefano Pezzole |
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| Fared well as a Professional beaseball player, enjoying a career that lasted from 1911 through 1921 with the chicago white sox and the new york yankees. |
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| The best of the Germans won eight batting championships. Considered the greatest of shortstops, he hit over .300 for 17 straight year in a long career (1897-1917) |
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| one of numerous Irish stars, began his long pro career in 1887 at the age of 20. During the 1890s he batted over 400 three times and finsihed a lifetime average of .345 |
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| The president of the American League. |
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| One of the first baseball players to get paid well with 20,000 fir the 1915 season. |
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| Started as a player for the Baltimore Orioles 1891 but won lasting fame as a manager of the New York Giants, lading them to 10 pennants in a managerial career that lasted from 1899 to 1932. |
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| Educated at Bucknell starred as a pitcher for the New York Giants from 1900 through 1916. He won 30 games in three different season and amassed 20 or more wins in twelve others. |
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| The First Native American to reach the major league level. |
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| Played at the professional level for Basketball Football And Baseball. He was also Native American |
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| Was a college football coach and took four different teams to championships. He was then put into the Hall Of Fame as a football coach. Pop also helped Americanize Football. |
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| Led the formation of the Negro National League, Which included teams in Chicago, Detroit, Dayton, INdianapolis, Kansas City, and St. Louis, thus forming a parallel sporting structure that employed catered to, and depended on African Americans. |
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| African American Jockey that won three Kentucky Derbys (in 1884, 1890, and 1891) and commanded a large salary. |
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| African American Cyclist. Began his professional Cycling career in 1896. IN 1898 he set a new mark in the 1-mile event, and a career in 1896. In 1899 He won the world championship. Taylor held seven world records between 1898 and 1900. |
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| Canadian-born George Dixon became the first black world champion Boxer when he won the bantamweight title in 1890. |
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| African American boxer who was the first to ever take out White undefeated champion Jim Jeffries as he came out of retirement to fight Jack Johnson. |
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| African American Center won All-American honors as a center for Harvard in 1892 and 1893. He later coached the Harvard squad. |
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| Smith College scholar and a suffragist, Annie was also a mountain climber. She set numerous amounts of mountain climbing records making most of her ascents without the aid of oxygen. |
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| Promoted athletics for women and heled form a club for that purpose in Providence, Rhode island. |
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