Term
| 1.How many pairs of spinal nerves are there associated with the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2.Do spinal nerves contain sensory axons, motor axons, or both? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4.What attaches spinal nerves to the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5.What is found in dorsal roots? |
|
Definition
| Axons of sensory neurons and dorsal root ganglia |
|
|
Term
| 6.What is found in the dorsal root ganglia? |
|
Definition
| Cell bodies of sensory neurons |
|
|
Term
| 7.What is found in the ventral roots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8.Is the spinal nerve short or long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 9.What does the spinal nerve split into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. Does the dorsal rami contain sensory axons, motor axons, or both? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 11. Does the ventral rami contain sensory axons, motor axons, or both? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. Sensory axons in the dorsal rami supply what part of the body? |
|
Definition
| Skin near the midline of the back |
|
|
Term
| 13. Motor axons in the dorsal rami supply what part of the body? |
|
Definition
| Deep muscles of the back responsible for movement of the vertebral column. |
|
|
Term
| 14. What do the ventral rami in the thoracic region form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15. What do the motor and sensory axons of intercostal nerves supply? |
|
Definition
| Motor – intercostal muscles / sensory – skin over thorax |
|
|
Term
| 16. What do the ventral rami of the cervical, lumbar, and sacral nerves form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 17. What spinal nerves does the brachial plexus originate from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 18. What are the major branches of the brachial plexus? |
|
Definition
| Musculocutaneous, median, ulnar, radial, and axillary nerves |
|
|
Term
| 19. What is the sensory function of the musculocutaneous nerve? |
|
Definition
| Supplies skin on lateral forearm |
|
|
Term
| 20. What is the sensory function of the median nerve? |
|
Definition
| Supplies skin on lateral 2/3 of palm, thumb, index finger, middle finger, and lateral ½ of ring finger (anteriorly) |
|
|
Term
| 21. What is the sensory function of the ulnar nerve? |
|
Definition
| Supplies skin on medial 1/3 of hand, medial ½ of ring finger, and pinky finger (anteriorly and posteriorly) |
|
|
Term
| 22. What is the sensory function of the radial nerve? |
|
Definition
| Supplies skin on posterior arm, posterior forearm, and posterior/lateral 2/3 of hand |
|
|
Term
| 23. What is the sensory function of the axillary nerve? |
|
Definition
| Supplies skin on the lateral shoulder |
|
|
Term
| 24. What spinal nerves does the lumbosacral plexus originate from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 25. What are the major branches of the lumbosacral plexus? |
|
Definition
| Obturator, femoral, sciatic, tibial, and fibular nerves |
|
|
Term
| 26. What is the sensory function of the obturator nerve? |
|
Definition
| Supplies skin on medial thigh |
|
|
Term
| 27. What is the sensory function of the femoral nerve? |
|
Definition
| Supplies skin on anterior thigh and medial leg |
|
|
Term
| 28. What is the sensory function of the sciatic nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 29. What 2 nerves does the sciatic nerve split into? |
|
Definition
| Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve |
|
|
Term
| 30. What 2 nerves does the common fibular nerve split into? |
|
Definition
| Deep fibular nerve and superficial fibular nerve |
|
|
Term
| 31. What is the sensory function of the tibial nerve? |
|
Definition
| Supplies skin on posterior leg, sole of foot, and lateral surface of top of foot |
|
|
Term
| 32. What is the sensory function of the fibular nerves? |
|
Definition
| Supplies skin on the lateral knee, anterior and lateral leg, and dorsum of foot (except lateral side) |
|
|
Term
| 33. What is a fast, predictable, automatic response that helps the body make rapid adjustments to homeostatic imbalances? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stretch reflex, golgi tendon reflex, withdrawal reflex, and crossed extensor reflex |
|
|
Term
| 35. What joints does the stretch relex occur at? |
|
Definition
| Elbow, wrist, ankle, and knee |
|
|
Term
| 37. What are the receptors in muscle that monitor changes in the length of the muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 38.When the muscle is stretched, what happens to the muscle spindles? |
|
Definition
| They also stretch/lengthen |
|
|
Term
| 39. What results from the lengthening of a muscle spindle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 40. In a monosynaptic reflex, the sensory neuron carrying the action potential synapses directly with what? |
|
Definition
| A motor neuron in the anterior horn of the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| 41. What happens to the muscles that oppose the contraction caused by the stretch reflex? |
|
Definition
| They are inhibited/relaxed |
|
|
Term
| 42. Which reflex prevents contracting muscles from applying excessive tension to tendons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 44. How does the Golgi tendon reflex work? |
|
Definition
| Muscle contracts – attatched tendons are stretched – Golgi tendon organs produce action potential – action potential travels up sensory neurons to dorsal horn of spinal cord and synapse with inhibitory interneuron – inhibitory interneuron synapses with motor neuron in anterior horn supplying same muscle that was initially contracted – neuron inhibited so muscle relaxes |
|
|
Term
| 46. What are the sensory receptors involved with the withdrawal reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 47. How does the withdrawal reflex work? |
|
Definition
| Painful stimuli – pain receptors send action potential up sensory neurons to dorsal horn of spinal cord – sensory neurons synapse with both excitatory interneurons and inhibitory interneurons – excitatory interneurons synapse with motor neurons in anterior horn – these motor neurons stimulate muscles (usually flexor) to contract and remove limb from painful stimulus – the inhibitory interneurons synapse with motor neurons in the anterior horn – these motor neurons are inhibited – muscles (usually extensors) are inhibited and so relax |
|
|
Term
| 48. What reflex is also associated the the withdrawal reflex? |
|
Definition
| The crossed extensor reflex |
|
|
Term
| 49. How does the crossed extensor reflex work? |
|
Definition
| The same thing occurs as in the withdrawal reflex but another interneuron crosses over to the other side of the spinal cord and synapses with a motor neuron in the anterior horn on the other side. This motor neuron stimulates muscles that will cause extension in the opposite limb that the pain was stimulated in. This helps prevents falls when shifting weight to opposite side of body when removing limb from painful stimulus |
|
|
