Term
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Definition
| Starts at the brainstem at the foramen magnum of the skull, passes through the vertebral canal, ends at L1 or a little beyond. Has 31 pairs of spinal nerves. |
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Definition
| Nerves to the upper limb. Located in the cervical region. |
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Definition
| Nerves to the pelvic region and lower limbs. Located in the thoracic region. |
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Term
| Medullary cone (conus medullaris) |
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Definition
| Cord tapers to a point inferior to lumbar enlargement |
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Term
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Definition
| Bundle of nerve roots that occupy the vertebral canal from L2 to S5 |
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Term
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Definition
| Three fibrous connective tissue membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord. From superficial to deep: Dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater |
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Definition
| Congenital defect in which one or more vertebrae fail to form a complete verebral arch for enclosure of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| Neuron cell bodies with little myelin; Site of information processing, synaptic integration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abundantly myelinated axons; Carry signals from one part of the CNS to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtains information from the posterior (dorsal) root; Gray matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries only sensory fibers; Gray matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtains information from the anterior (ventral) horns; Gray matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries only motor fibers; Gray matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Connects right and left sides; Punctured by central canal lined with ependymal cells and filled with CSF |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry sensory information up the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry motor information down the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| A cordlike organ composed of numerous nerve fibers (axons) bound together by connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain both afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) fibers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Surround individual myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve fibers gathered in bundles |
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Term
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Definition
| Surround individual nerve fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| Outside layer that binds several fascicles together |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by the poliovirus. Destroys motor neurons in the brainstem and anterior horn of spinal cord. |
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Term
| ALS or Lou Gehrig disease |
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Definition
| Destruction of motor neurons and muscular atrophy. Also sclerosis (scarring) of lateral regions of the spinal cord. |
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Term
| Sensory (afferent) nerves |
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Definition
| Carry signals from sensory receptors to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| Carry signals from CNS to muscles and glands |
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Term
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Definition
| Innervate skin, skeletal muscles, bones, and joints |
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Term
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Definition
| Innervate blood vessels, glands, and viscera |
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Term
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Definition
| Innervate widespread organs such as muscles, skin, glands, viscera, and blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| Innervate more localized organs in the head including eyes, ears, olfactory and taste receptors, and muscles of chewing, swallowing and facial expression |
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Term
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Definition
| Cluster of neurosomas outside the CNS |
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Term
| Number of cervical spinal nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of thoracic spinal nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of lumbar spinal nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of sacral spinal nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Number of coccygeal spinal nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior (dorsal) root ganglion |
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Definition
| Contains the somas of sensory neurons carrying signals to the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Innervates the anterior and lateral skin and muscles of the trunk; Gives rise to nerves of the limbs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Innervates the muscles and joints in that region of the spine and skin of the back. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reenters the vertebral canal and innervates the meninges, vertebrae, and spinal ligaments. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the neck, C1 to C5; Supplies neck and phrenic nerve to the diaphragm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Near the shoulder, C5 to T1; Supplies upper limb and some of shoulder and neck; Median nerve-carpal tunnel syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the lower back, L1 to L4; Supplies abdominal wall, anterior thigh, and genitalia. |
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Definition
| In the pelvis, L4, L5, and S1 to S4; Supplies remainder of lower trunk and lower limb. |
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Definition
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Definition
| Carry sensory signals from bones, joints, muscles, and the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Brain receives information about body position and movements from nerve endings in muscles, tendons, and joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| Primarily to stimulate muscle contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Supplies the diaphragm; C3 of the cervical plexus |
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Term
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Definition
| Passes through the axilla (brachial plexus); Also called crutch paralysis; Results in wrist drop |
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Term
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Definition
| Sharp pain that travels from gluteal region along the posterior side of the thigh and leg to ankle |
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Term
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Definition
| A specific area of the skin that receives sensory input from a pair of spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| A diagram of the cutaneous regions innervated by each spinal nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Quick, involuntary, stereotyped reaction of glands or muscle to stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| Somatic receptors, Afferent nerve fibers, Integrating center, Efferent nerve fibers, Effectors |
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Term
| Stretch (myotatic) reflex |
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Definition
| When a muscle is stretched, it "fights back" and contracts, maintaining increased tonus and making it stiffer than unstretched muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Reflexive contraction of a muscle when its tendon is tapped |
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Term
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Definition
| Reflex phenomenon that prevents muscles from working against each other by inhibiting the antagonist |
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Term
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Definition
| the quick contraction of flexor muscles resulting in the withdrawal of a limb from an injurious stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| The contraction of extensor muscles in limb opposite of the one that is withdrawn. (Maintains balance by extending other leg) |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis of both lower limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis of all four limbs |
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Term
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Definition
| Paralysis on one side of the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Partial paralysis or weakness of the limbs |
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