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Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves
(CNS) (PNS)
79
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
06/30/2009

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Cards

Term
CNS
Definition

Central Nervous System

 

Consists of the spinal cord and the brain

Term
PNS
Definition

Peripheral Nervous System

 

consists of all neural structures outside the brain and spinal cord and includes spinal nerves

 

Includes sensory receptors, associated ganglia motor endings and provides links to and from the external environment

Term
C4 - injury
Definition
Quadriplegia
Term
C6 - injury
Definition
Quadriplegia
Term
T6 injury
Definition
Paraplegia
Term
L1 injury
Definition
Paraplegia
Term
C1 Nerve
Definition
head and Neck
Term
C2 Nerve
Definition
Diaphram
Term
Spinal Cord Injury C1 - C8
Definition
head, neck, diaphram, deltoids, biceps, wrist extenders, triceps, hand
Term
Spinal cord Injury T1 -T12
Definition

chest muscles

abdominal muscles

Term
Spinal Cord Injury L1 - L5
Definition
Leg muscles
Term
Spinal Cord Injury S1 -S5
Definition
Bowel, bladder, sexual function
Term
Spinal Cord Meninges
Definition
the spinal cord is protected and encapsulated by the spinal cord meninges
Term
Epidural Space
Definition
lies between the dura mater and the periosteum covering the inner walls of the vertebra, and houses areolor connective tissue, blood vessels and adipose connective tissue
Term
the nerves that innervate the diaphragm
Definition
C three, four, and five keep the diaphragm alive
Term
What are the four types of mixed nerves
Definition

Somatic

Visceral

Cranial

Spinal

Term
Endoneurium
Definition
loose connective tissue that surrounds axons
Term
Nerve structure
Definition
peripheral axons enclosed by connective tissue
Term
Perineurium
Definition
coarse connective tissue that bundles fibers inside fascicles
Term
Epineurium
Definition
tough fibrous sheath around a nerve
Term
Sensory (afferent) nerve
Definition
carries impulse to the CNS
Term
Motor (efferent) nerve
Definition
carries impulses from CNS
Term
Mixed nerves
Definition
carry somatic and autonomic (visceral) impulses most common type
Term
Spinal Nerves: Roots
Definition
each spinal nerve connects to the spinal cord via two medial roots
Term
Spinal roots
Definition
each root forms a series of rootlets that attach to the spinal cord
Term
Ventral Roots
Definition
arise from the anterior horn and contain motor (efferent) fibers
Term
Dorsal Roots
Definition
arise from sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion and contain sensory (afferent) fibers
Term
Nerve plexuses
Definition
all ventral rami except T2-T12 form interlacing nerve networks called plexuses
Term
Nerve Plexuses are found where
Definition
plexuses are found in the cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral regions
Term
Can damage to one spinal segment completely paralyze a muscle
Definition
no
Term
Dermatomes
Definition
is the area of skin innervated by the cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve
Term
Do all spinal nerves participate in dermoatomes
Definition
all but C1
Term
Referred Visceral Pain
Definition

Diaphragm, Pericardium, heart,

digestive tract, liver, gall bladder,

 kidney, ureter, pelvic organs

Term
Myotomes
Definition
Each muslce in the body is supplied by a particular level or segment of the spinal cord and by its corresponding spinal nerve. The muscle and its nerve make up a myotome
Term
C3,4,5 myotome
Definition

supply the diaphragm

 

C5 also supplies the shoulder muscles and the muscle that we use to bend our elbow

Term
C6 myotome
Definition
bending the wrist back
Term
C7 myotome
Definition
for straightening the elbow
Term
C8 myotome
Definition
bends the fingers
Term
T1 myotome
Definition
spreads the fingers
Term
T1 - T12 myotomes
Definition
supplies the chest wall and abdominal muscles
Term
L2 myotomes
Definition
bends the hip
Term
L3 myotomes
Definition
straightens the knee
Term
L4 myotomes
Definition
pulls the foot up
Term
L5 myotomes
Definition
wiggles the toes
Term
S1 myotomes
Definition
pulls the foot down
Term
S3,4,5 myotomes
Definition
supply the bladder, bowel, sex organs, anal and other pelvic muscles
Term
Intercostal nerves
Definition
supply muscles of the ribs, anterolateral thorax, and abdominal wall
Term
Cervical Plexus
Definition
buried deep in the neck formed by ventral rami of first four cervical nerves most are cutaneous nerves some innervate muscles of the anterior neck
Term
Phrenic nerve
Definition
the most important nerve of the cervical plexus
Term
Brachial Plexus
Definition

Roots, Trunks, Divisions, cords, Branches

 

"Randy Travis Drinks Cold Beer"

Term

Brachial Plexus

 

Anterior

Definition

Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Radial, Median, Ulnar

 

"My Aunt Raped My Uncle"

Term

Brachial Plesux

 

Musculocutaneous

Definition
main branch of the lateral cord
Term

Brachial Plexus

 

Ulnar

Definition

branches from the medial cord

 

innervates intrinsic hand muscles and skin of the medial hand

Term

brachial Plexus

 

Median

Definition

orginated from both lateal and medial cords

 

Innervates anterior forearm muscles and lateral palm

Term

Brachial Plexus

 

Posterior

Definition

radial - continuation of the posterior cord, largest branch of the brachial plexus innervates muscles of the posterior upper limb

 

Axillary innervates the deltoid and teres minor

Term

Brachial Plexus Nerves

 

 Axillary

Definition
innervates the deltoid and teres minor
Term

Brachial Plexus Nerves

 

Musculocutaneous

Definition
sends fibers to the biceps brachii and brachialis
Term

Brachial Plexus Nerves

 

Median

Definition
branches to most of the flexor muscles of arm
Term

Brachial Plexus Nerves

 

Ulnar

Definition
supplies the flexor carpi ulnaris and part of the flexor digitorum profundus
Term

Brachial Plexus Nerves

 

Radial

Definition
innervates essentially all extensor muscles
Term
Lumbar Plexus
Definition

Arises from L1 -L4

 

innervates the thigh, abdominal wall, and psoas muslce

Term

Lumbr Plexus

 

Femoral

Definition
for anterior thigh muscles
Term

lumbar Plexus

 

Obturator

Definition
Adductors muscles
Term
Sacral Plexus
Definition
arises from L4 - S4 and serves the buttock, lower limb, pelvic structures, and the prineum (pudendal nerve)
Term
Sacral Plexus major nerve
Definition

Sciatic, the longest thickest nerve of the body lower limb (except anteromedial thigh muscles)

 

branches into two nerves - the tibial and the common fibular (peroneal)

Term
innate Reflexes
Definition

genetically determined

 

Classified - by development

Term
Acquired Reflexes
Definition

Learned

 

Classified - by response

Term
Somatic Reflexes
Definition

control skeletal muscle contractions

 

Include superficial and stretch reflexes

 

classified - by response

Term
Visceral (autonomic) reflexes
Definition

control actions of smooth and cardiac muscles, glands

 

classified - by response

Term
Monosynaptic
Definition

one synapse

 

classified - by complexity of circuti

Term
Polysynaptic
Definition

Multiple synapsis (two to several hundred)

 

classified - by complexity of circuit

Term
Cranial Reflexes
Definition

Processing in the brain

 

classified - by complexity of circuit

Term
Spinal Reflexes
Definition

processing in the spinal cord

 

classified - by processing site

Term
Reflexes
Definition
a reflex is a rapid, predictable motor resonse to a stimulus
Term
Intrinsic reflex
Definition
inborn
Term
acquired reflex
Definition
learned
Term
reflex involve
Definition
peripheral nerves, brain stem and spinal cord
Term
Reflex Arc
Definition

Five components

receptor

Sensory neuron

Integration Center

Motor neuron

Effector

Term
Stretch Reflex
Definition
Monosynaptic
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