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Spinal Cord II
N/A
68
Anatomy
Graduate
01/13/2012

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Term
What are the broad subdivisions of the spinal cord?
Definition
Dorsal horn, ventral horn, intermediate zone
Term
What is the subdivision of the gray matter?
Definition
Rexed laminae
Term
How many rexed laminae subdivisions can be found in the gray matter?
Definition
10
Term
The dorsal horn is composed of which laminae?
Definition
I-VI
Term
Which laminae forms the intermediate zone?
Definition
Laminae VII
Term
The ventral horn is subdivided into which laminae?
Definition
VIII-IX
Term
Lamina X surrounds what?
Definition
Central canal
Term
Lamina I and Lamna V recieve what sort of sensory input?
Definition
Nociception via lightly or unmyelinated small diameter afferents
Term
Lamina III and IV receive what type of input?
Definition
Non-noxious via myelinated, larger diameter afferents
Term
Lamina II receives what type of sensory input?
Definition
Nociceptive affereent C fibers and collaterals from large diameter afferents
Term
What is the site of first order sensory processing?
Definition
Lamina II
Term
Lamina VI receives what type of sensory input?
Definition
Descending motor pathways and proprioceptive from the periphery
Term
Which lamina contain posteromarginal nucleus?
Definition
Lamina I
Term
Which lamina contain nucleus proprius?
Definition
Lamina IV
Term
Which lamina contain substantia gelatinosa
Definition
Lamina II
Term
Which lamina makes up the base of the dorsal horn?
Definition
Lamina VI
Term
Where is the nucleus dorsalis of Clarke (aka Clarke's column) found?
Definition
Dorsal medial part of lamina VII at spinal segments C8-L2
Term
The nucleus dorsalis of Clarke recieves what type of input?
Definition
Proprioceptive from muscle
Term
The nucleus dorsalis sends axonal projections to where?
Definition
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract in ipsilateral cerebellum
Term
Where is the intermediolateral cell column found within the intermediate zone?
Definition
T1-L2
Term
What types of neurons arise from the intermediolateral cell column?
Definition
Preganglionic sympathetic efferent
Term
Sacral autonomic nuclei are found in which lamina?
Definition
Laterally in Lamina VII
Term
At what verterbral level are sacral autonomic nuclei found?
Definition
S2-S4
Term
Sacral autonomic nucleu found laterally in lamina VII give rise to what types of fibers?
Definition
Preganglionic parasympathetic
Term
The preganglionic parasympathetic sacral autonomic nuclei of lamina VII exit the spinal via what in order to form what?
Definition
Ventral roots, pelvic nerve
Term
The ventral horn contains groups of interneurons that coording what?
Definition
Activation of motor neuron pools
Term
Lamina VIII and some of lamina IX contain interneurons that relay and integrate what?
Definition
Segmental and descending inputs to motor neurons
Term
What is the main somatic motor area of the spinal gray matter, found in the ventral horn?
Definition
Lamina IX
Term
Found in the ventral horn, lamina IX contains what motorneurons?
Definition
Large alpha and smaller gamma
Term
The large alpha motorneurons of lamina IX innervate what?
Definition
Skeletal muscle
Term

The small gamma motorneurons of lamina IX innervate what?

Definition
Muscle spindle organs
Term
What is the largest are in the cervical and lumbar spinal cord?
Definition
Lamina IX of vetral horn
Term
Where is the phrenic nucleus located?
Definition
Centrally in the ventral horn of spinal cord segments C3-C5
Term
The spinal accessory nucleus is located where?
Definition
Ventral horn from C1-C5
Term
The spinal accessory nucleus (accessory nerve) contains motor neurons that innervate what?
Definition
Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
Term
Within the ventral horn, alpha motor neurons of lamina IX are somatotopically prganized. What is the orietnation of neurons that innervate flexor musculature, extensor musculator, trunk musculatature, and muscles in the extremity?
Definition
Flexor located dorsally, extensor located ventrally, trunk musculature found medially, neurons for the extremity seen laterally
Term
Lamina X (area X) receives what type of input?
Definition
Afferents conveying visceral pain
Term
Automatic motor responses to sensory stimuli applied to the periphery and transmitted to the CNS are labeled what?
Definition
Reflexes
Term
True or false: Simple spinal reflexes cannot operate in the absence of higher centers
Definition
False
Term
What initiates reflexes?
Definition
Pain
Term
Where do stimuli that initiate reflexes enter the CNS?
Definition
Dorsal root
Term
The crossed extensor reflex is an example of reflex pathways that cross what?
Definition
The midline of the body
Term
Muscle spindles are attached parallel to skeletal muscle and ocntain specialized muscle fibers that detect what?
Definition
Change in muscle length and rate of stretching
Term
Muscle spindles send afferent signals through what part of the CNS?
Definition
Dorsal roots
Term
Nuclear bag fibers in muscle spindles detect what?
Definition
Dynamic aspects of stretch such as speed, rate of change, etc.
Term
Nuclear chain fibers of muscle spindles detect what?
Definition
Changes in muscle legnth
Term
The rapid stretch of the muscle by tapping a tendon will activate both dynamic and static aspects of muscle spindles causing what reflex contraction?
Definition
Tendon reflex
Term
What type of connections do tendon reflexes have with motor neurons?
Definition
Direct connections to alpha motor neurons
Term
True or false: Muscle spindles also have contractile portions of the intrafusal muscle fiber located at the poles of the spindle
Definition
True
Term
What innervates the contractile portions of muscle spindles?
Definition
Gamma motor neurons
Term
Gamma motor neuron activated contraction of muscle spindles can be used to control what aspect of postural muscles?
Definition
Muscle tone
Term
Where are golgi tendon organs found?
Definition
Musculotendonous junction
Term
Golgi tendon organs counteract muscle spindle fibers by activating what type of neurons?
Definition
Inhibitory interneurons that inhibit alpha motor neurons
Term
The spinal white matter is organized into what divisions?
Definition
Fasciculi (tracts)
Term
Subdivisions of spinal white matter are referred to as what?
Definition
Funiculi
Term
What are the subdivisions of spinal white matter?
Definition
Dorsal, lateral, and ventral funiculus
Term
Where is the dorsal funiculus located?
Definition
Between posterolateral sulcus (dorsal root entry point) and posterior median septum
Term
Where is the lateral funiculus located?
Definition
Between the posterolateral sulcus (dorsal root entry point) and anterolateral sulcus (ventral root emergence point)
Term
Where is the ventral funiculus located?
Definition
Between the anterolateral sulcus (ventral root emergence point) and anterior median fissure
Term
The spinal white matter located at the dorsal end of the anterior median fissure is known as what?
Definition
Anterior white comissure
Term
What kind of pathway is associated with the anterior white commissure?
Definition
Major pain pathway, point of crossing for neurons that contribute to the anterolateral system
Term
What supplies blood to the spinal cord?
Definition
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Term
Where do anterior spinal arteries originate?
Definition
Verterbal arteries
Term
Where do posterior spinal arteries originate?
Definition
Posterior inferior cerebellar arteries
Term
What segmental arteries supplement the anterior and posterior spinal arteries?
Definition
Radicular arteries following the dorsal and ventral roots and the spinal medullary arteries that directly or indirectly join the anterior and posterior spinal arteries from the aorta
Term
The anastomosis of arteries around the spinal cord form what?
Definition
Arterial vasocorona
Term
Spinal grey matter is predominantly supplied by the central branches of what?
Definition
Anterior spinal artery
Term
The posterior sections of the dorsal horn is supplied by what?
Definition
Posterior spinal artery
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