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Spinal Cord I
N/A
54
Anatomy
Graduate
01/12/2012

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Cards

Term
What are the boundaries of the spinal cord?
Definition
Foramen magnum to L1-L2 intervertebral disc
Term
At what point in development does the vertebral column outgrow the spinal cord?
Definition
3rd month
Term
What is the developmental origin of the spinal cord?
Definition
Caudal portion of the neural plate with formation of the neural tube
Term
After neural tube closure, the neuroepithelial cells in the ventricular zone begin to divide and form what?
Definition
Neuroblasts and glioblasts
Term
Proliferating neuroblasts migrate to form what layer containing the majority of the neuronal cell bodies of the spinal cord?
Definition
Intermediate mantle zone
Term
The intermediate mantle zone eventually develops to form what?
Definition
Gray matter
Term
The mantle zone develops into what two types of columns on each side of the developing neural tube whichfour distinct dorsoventral columns?
Definition
Alar and Basal plate
Term
What separates the alar and basal plates in the developing mantle zone?
Definition
Sulcus limitans
Term
White matter of the spinal cord develops in what layer?
Definition
Marginal zone
Term
Where is the marginal zone layer located?
Definition
Outside the mantle zone of the neural tube
Term
What kind of cells make up the marginal zone?
Definition
Neuroblasts
Term
What types of cells develop from the marginal zone?
Definition
Glial cells
Term
Alar lamina eventually becomes what specific structure in the spinal cord?
Definition
Dorsal horns
Term
Basal laminal eventually forms what distinct structure in the spinal cord?
Definition
Ventral horns
Term
The central area between the horns is known as what?
Definition
Intermediate grey commissure
Term
The alar and basal plates both contribute the intermediate zone between them which eventually house what types of neurons?
Definition
Autonomic preganglionic and sensory
Term
The intermediate zone is also known as what?
Definition
Clark's column
Term
The ventricular zone is lined with cells that eventually form what? What does the ventricular zone eventually become?
Definition
Ependymal cells, central canal
Term
Where does the the central canal begin in a fully developed individual?
Definition
Fourth ventricle in the lower brainstem
Term
What are the enlargements of the spinal cord that correspond to innervation of the limbs?
Definition
Cervical and Lumbosacral
Term
What are the boundaries of the cervical enlargement?
Definition
C4-T1
Term
What are the boundaries of the lumbosacral enlargement?
Definition
L1-S2
Term
The anterior median fissure prenetrates deeply into the spinal cord, extending almost to the middle. What is contained within the anterior median fissure?
Definition
Sulcal branches of the anterior spinal artery
Term
What leaves the spinal cord from the anterolateral sulcus?
Definition
Ventral roots
Term
The postereolateral sulcus marks the point of entry for what?
Definition
Dorsal roots
Term
The posterior median sulcus is located in the midline on the dorsal aspect of the cord and contains what?
Definition
Posterior median septum (a pial partition)
Term
The posterior intermediate sulcus and septum is located between the posterior median and posterior lateral sulci and also partially divides what?
Definition
The dorsal columns
Term
Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons within what?
Definition
CNS
Term
Schwann cells myelinate axons located where?
Definition
PNS
Term
There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves - what is their distribution?
Definition
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 1 coccygeal
Term
Spinal nerves are formed by the merger of what?
Definition
Dorsal and ventral roots
Term
Spinal cord segments and nerves are identified according to what?
Definition
Intervertebral foramen through which the spinal nerve exists the verterbal canal
Term
What is the orientation of C1-7 spinal nerves in relation to cervical vertebrae?
Definition
Above the correspondingly numbered vertebrae
Term
Spinal nerve C8 emerges from where?
Definition
Between C7 and T1
Term
All spinal nerves apart from cervical spinal nerves are labeled according to what?
Definition
The correspondingly numbered vertebrae above 
Term
The distance spinal segments are physically removed from the location where spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal is greatest where?
Definition
Caudal end of the spinal cord
Term
The skeletal muscle that is innervated by motor fibers arising from a single spinal cord is known as what?
Definition
Myotome
Term
The area of skin that is innervated by dorsal roots arising from a single spinal cord segment is referred to as what?
Definition
Dermatome
Term
True or false: Dermatomes do not correspond to the distribution of cutaneous nerves
Definition
True
Term
A spinal nerve is composed of what component fibers?
Definition
Somatic sensory (GSA), Visceral sensory (GVA), Somatic motor (GSE), Visceral motor (GVE)
Term
Somatic sensory fiber (GSA) neurons are located where?
Definition
Dorsal root ganglion
Term
Somatic sensory fibers (GSA) convey what type of information?
Definition
Receptors in skin, muscle, tendons, joints
Term
Visceral sensory fiber (GVA) cell bodies are located where?
Definition
Dorsal root ganglia
Term
Visceral sensory fibers receive signals from what?
Definition
Mechanoreceptors and nociceptors within the viscera
Term
Somatic motor fiber (GSE) neurons are found within what?
Definition
Ventral horn
Term
Somatic motor fibers (GSE) innervate what tissues?
Definition
Voluntary body musculature
Term
Visceral motor fiber (GVE) neurons are found where?
Definition
Autonomic ganglia 
Term
Visceral motor fibers (GVE) send innervation to what structures?
Definition
Postganglionic innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Term
Local anesthetic drugs are injected into where in the spinal cord?
Definition
Epidural space
Term
What specializations are found within the pia that stabilize the spinal cord?
Definition
Denticulate ligaments and filum terminale
Term
Fibrous bands of pia found on each side of the spinal cord between the ventral and dorsal roots are known as what?
Definition
Denticulate ligaments
Term
What are the shapes of the apices of the 21 denticulate ligaments on each side of the spinal cord?
Definition
Triangular, tooth-like
Term
The filum terminale internum is a thin thread of pia mater tha arise from where?
Definition
Conus medullaris (caudal end of the spinal cord) to thecal sac at S2
Term
The expansion of the spinal subarachnoid space caudal to the conus medullaris is known as what?
Definition
Lumbar cistern
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