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Spinal Cord and Nerves
Lecture Exam 2
39
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/13/2010

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Cards

Term

 

 

Nervous System

Definition

coordinates the activity of muscles, organs, senses and actions

made up of nervous tissue

 

Term

 

3 Main Functions of nervous system

Definition

1. receives sensory input

2. integration

3. dictates motor output

Term

 

Structural divisions of Nervous System

Definition

Central Nervous System (CNS)

 

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Term

 

Central Nervous System

Definition

consists of brain and spinal cord

 

interprets incoming sensory signals

 

dictates motor responses

Term
Peripheral Nervous System
Definition
consists of ganglia and nerves (spinal and cranial)
communication between regions of CNS
Term
Endoneurium
Definition
surrounds each axon (nerve fiber)
myelinated and unmyelinated
motor and sensory nerve fibers
loose CT
Term
Perineurium
Definition
bundles axons into fascicles
CT
Term
Epineurium
Definition
bundles fascicles into a nerve
Fibrous CT
Term
Spinal Cord
Definition
runs through vertebral canal of the vertebral column
protected by bone, meninges and cerbrospinal fluid
made up of a core of gray matter surrounded by white matter
31 pairs of spinal nerves branch off of it through intervertebral forament
Term
Functions of the spinal cord
Definition
-involved in sensroty and motor innervation of body inferior to head (through spinal nerves)
-provides a 2-way conduction pathway for signals between body and brain
-major center for reflexes
Term
Meninges of spinal cord
Definition
3 layers of connective tissue surrounding the spinal cord
Term
Function of spinal cord meninges
Definition
-protect spinal cord
-contains cerbrospinal fluid (CSF)
-protects blood vessels serving spinal cord
Term
Dura mater
Definition
superficial layer of spinal meninges
spinal dural sheath
does not attach to bone
merges w/epineurium of spinal roots and nerves
Term
Epidural space
Definition
space between dura mater and vertebrae consists of loose CT, fat and veins
not present around brain
Term
Subdural space
Definition
space between dura mater and arachnoid mater
Term
Arachnoid mater
Definition
middle layer of spinal meninges
impermeable layer = barrier
raised off pia mater by rootlets
Term
Subarachnoid space
Definition
area between arachnoid mater and pia mater, contains CSF
Term
Pia mater
Definition
deep layer of the spinal meninges
highly vascular
adheres to spinal cord tissue
Term
Regions of Spinal Cord
Definition
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccygeal
Cervical & Lumbar enlargements
Cauda equina
Conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Term
Gray matter of spinal cord
Definition
part of the spinal cord whichconsists of neuron cell bodies, unmyelinated axons, dendrites, and neuroglia shaped like an "H"
Term
Gray commisure
Definition
crossbar of the "H" of the gray matter
Term
Posterior Horns (of gray matter)
Definition
consists of interneurons that transmit in from outside spinal cord into it
dorsal root contain sensory fibers (somatic (ss)and visceral (vs) sensory)
Term
Dorsal Root Ganglia
Definition
Swelling in dorsal root that interneurons pass through
Term
Anterior Horns
Definition
cell bodies of motor neurons send info out of spincal cord to muscles and glands
ventral root contains motor fibers (visceral and somatic motor)
Term
White matter of spinal cord
Definition
surrounds gray matter
composed of myelinated and unmyelinated axons
divided into white columns (funiculi), posterior funiculus, anterior funiculis, lateral funiculus
allow for communication between parts of the spinal cord, spinal cord and brain
Term
Ascending Nerve Fiber
Definition
in white matter of spinal cord
carry sensory infro from sensory neurons of body to brain
- touch, pressure, pain, temperature
Term
Descending nerve fibers
Definition
in white matter of spinal cord
carry motor instructions from brain to spinal cord
cntractionof muscles and secretion of gl
Term
Commisural nerve fibers
Definition
in white matter of spinal cord
cross from one side of cord to the other
Term
How many spinal nerves are there? What are they?
Definition
31 Pairs
8 pairs of cervical spinal nerves C1-C8
12 pairs of thoracic spinal nerves T1-T12
5 pairs of lumbar spinal nerves L1-L5
5 pairs of sacral spinal nerves S1-S5
1 pair of coccygeal spinal nerves C01
Term
Spinal Nerves
Definition
Part of PNS
lie in intervertebral foramina
-send lateral branches to body
named according to their point of attachment to spinal cord segment
each spinal nerve connects to the spinal cord via a dorsal (sensory) and ventral (motor) root
Term
Rami
Definition
lateral to the intervertebral foramen each spinal nerve splits into two of these
consist of both motor and sensory fibers
Term
Anterior/Ventral Rami
Definition
Supply anterior and lateral regions of the neck, trunk and limbs
Term
Posterior/Dorsal Rami
Definition
Supply the dorsum of the neck and back
Term
Recurrent meningeal nerves
Definition
nerves that branch from the spinal nerves to supply intervertebral discs, dura mater, ligaments and blodd vessels
they access the vertebral canal via intervertebral foramina
Term
spinal nerve root
Definition
connects to the spinal cord
each has EITHER sensory or motor fibers, NOT both
Term
Dermatomes
Definition
area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of single spinal nerve
Term
Autonomic Nervous System
Definition
Visceral Motor function
not easily controlled by will
-get nervous and sweat
innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands
regulate visceral function
-heart rate, blood pressure, digestion, urination
has 2 divisions
-parasympathetic
-sympathetic
Term
Parasympathetic
Definition
enables body to unwind and calm down
most active when body is at rest
routine maintenance functions
craniosacral division
-fibers emerge from brain and sacral spinal cord
Term
Sympathetic
Definition
"fight or flight"
mobilizes the body during extreme situations
becomes active when extra metabolic effort is needed
thoracolumbar division
-fibers arise from thoracic and lumbar parts of spinal cord
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