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Spinal Anatomy Must Know
Must know of spinal anatomy
122
Anatomy
Professional
09/07/2012

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Cards

Term
Cranial Nerves (CN)
Definition

I - Olfactory

II - Optic

III - Occulomotor

IV - Trochlear

V - Trigeminal

VI - Abducens

VII - Facial

VIII - Vestibulocochlear

IX - Glossopharyngeal

X - Vagus

XI - Accesory 

XII - Hypoglossal

 

Term
CN I
Definition

Olfactory N.


Sensory - Smell

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Cribriform Plate - "Smell baby crib"

Does NOT synapse w/ Thalamus (only CN that doesn't)

 

Term
CN II
Definition

Optic N.


Sensory - Vision

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Optic Canal

 

Term
CN III
Definition

Optic N.


Motor - Eye muscles except SO4LR6

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Superior Orbital Fissue (SOF)
Constrictor pupillae (parasympathetic) via Edinger-Westphal nucleus (midbrain)

 

Term
CN IV
Definition

Trochlear N.


Motor - SO4

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • SOF
Smallest CN

 

Term
CN V
Definition

Trigeminal N. (3 branches)

  • V1 - Opthalmic
  • V- Maxillary
  • V3 - Mandibular


Sensory - Face & tongue

Motor - Mastication, ie. "Tic doulourex"

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Optic Canal

 

Term
CN VI
Definition

Abducens N.

 

 

Motor - LR6

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • SOF
Term
CN VII
Definition

Facial N.

 

 Sensory - Anterior 2/3 tongue

Motor - Facial Expression

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Internal auditory meatus exits through Styloid Mastoid
- Superior Salvatory (Branch of Chorda Tympani)
- "Bell's Palsy"
Term
CN VIII
Definition

Vestibulocochlear N.

 

 Sensory - Balance & Hearing 


 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Internal auditory meatus 
- Vestibular Ganglion of Scarpa
Term
CN IX
Definition

 

Glossopharyngeal N.

 

 Sensory - Posterior 1/3 tongue

Motor - Secretion of parotid gland

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Jugular Foramen (Temporal + occipital = jugular)
- Nucleus Ambiguous (inferior salvatory)

 

Term
CN X
Definition

Vagus N.

 

 Sensory - Bitter taste epiglottis; External auditory meatus

Motor - Pharynx & larynx 

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Jugular Foramen
- Parasympathetic Dorsal Motor Nucleus
Term
CN XI
Definition

 

Accessory N.

 

Motor -Trapezius & SCM

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Jugular Foramen
- Nucleus Ambiguous

 

Term
CN XII
Definition

 

Hypoglossal N.

 

Motor - Tongue

 

Path/Foramen of Exit

  • Hypoglossal canal
- Hypoglassal 
Term
CN's (whether they are Sensory, Motor or Both)
Definition

CN I    - Some 

CN II   - Say 

CN III  - Marry 

CN IV  - Money 

CN V   - But 

CN VI  - M

CN VII - Brother 

CN VIII - Says 

CN IX   - Big 

CN X    - Brains 

CN XI   - Matter 

CN XII  - Most!

Term
Which 4 CN's have Parasympathetic Innervation?
Definition
  • CN's III, VII, IX, X 

CN X (90% of body)

Term
Brachial (pharyngeal) arches
Definition
Arch 1, 2, 3, 4, 6
 
**No branchial arch 5**
Term
Branchial Arch 1
Definition
  • CN - CN V3 (mandibular branch)
  • Muscle - Muscles of Mastication, Jaw closing muscles
  • Bone - Mandible, Malleus, & Incus
  • Cartilage - Meckel's cartilage

 

Term
Branchial Arch 2
Definition
  • CN - CN VII
  • Muscle - Muscles of facial expression, Jaw opening muscles, Stylohyoid, Stapedius
  • Bone - Stapes, Styloid
  • Cartilage - Reichert's cartilage
Term
Branchial Arch 3
Definition
  • CN - CN IX 
  • Muscle - Stylopharyngeus
  • Bone - Cornu, Hyoid
  • Cartilage - None
Term
Branchial Arch 4
Definition
  • CN - CN X (superior laryngeal)
  • Muscle - Muscles of pharynx except Stylopharyngeus
  • Bone - None
  • Cartilage - Thyroid & cricoid cartilages
Term
Branchial Arch 6
Definition
  • CN - CN X (inferior laryngeal)
  • Muscle - Muscles of larynx
  • Bone - None
  • Cartilage - Arytenoid, cornicular & cuneiform cartilages
Term
Ligaments of the Spine
Definition
  1. Anterior Longitudinal Ligament (ALL)
  2. Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (PLL)
  3. Ligamentum flava
  4. Interspinous 
  5. Supraspinous
  6. Transverse ligament
  7. Cruciform
  8. Alar
  9. Apical dental
  10. Denticulate
Term

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

(ALL)

Definition
  • down front of bodies (sacrum - base of occiput)
  • Thicker & stronger than PLL
  • Above C2 turns into Atlantoaxial/Atlantooccipital membrane
Term

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

(PLL)

Definition
  • Back of body (w/in spinal canal)
  • Above C2 --> Tectorial membrane
Term
Ligamentum Flava (AKA ..
Definition

..Yellow ligament)

  • Lamina to lamina
Term
Interspinous ligament
Definition
  • b/w SP's 
  • thickest in lumbar
Term

Supraspinous ligament

(SSL)

Definition
  • From SP to SP (occipital to coccyx)
  • Above C7 --> Ligamentum nuchae
Term
Transverse ligament
Definition
  • Holds dens on fovea dentis (anterior arch facet) of atlas 
  • lies across posterior dens and connects to tubercles on medial lateral masses.
Term

Cruciate (Cruciform) ligament

 

Definition
  • Cross shaped ligament 
    • consists of transverse ligament & longitudinal ligament arising from middle of transverse (connecting to C2 body & occiput)
Term
Alar ligament (AKA..
Definition

....Check Ligament

  • from superiolateral sides of dens to occiput 
Term
Apical Dental
Definition
  • From tip of dens (apex) to occiput
Term
Denticulate
Definition
-pia mater specialization that anchors to dura mater.
Term
Name for ALL from atlas to occiput
Definition
Atlantooccipital membrane
Term
What is PLL called from axis to occiput?
Definition
Tectoral membrane
Term
Which ligament is located from C7 to occiput?
Definition
Nuchal ligament
Term
Which ligaments can affect the IVF?
Definition
Ligamentum flava & PLL
Term
what are the three anterior ligaments of the spinal column
Definition
ALL, PLL, IVD
Term
What ligament is the PLL from c2 to the occiput and limits flexion
Definition
tectorial membrane
Term
What is made from fibrocartilage; symphysis joint; and amkes up 25% of the spine
Definition
IVD
Term
What are the 3 middle ligaments of the spinal column
Definition
LF, CL, ITL
Term
What ligament runs from lamina to lamina on the posterior portion of the canal?
Definition
ligamentum flavum
Term
What makes up the ligamentum flavum from C2 to C1
Definition
Posterior atlantoaxial ligament
Term
What makes up the ligamentum flavum from C1 to C0.
Definition
Posterior atlanto occipital
Term
If calcium rises a ___ will form at the posterior atlanto occipital ligament
Definition
arcuate foramen (posterior ponticle)
Term
What goes through a posterior pentacle?
Definition
vertebral artery and C1 nerve
Term
What has the highest elastic content and limits flexion
Definition
ligamentum flavum
Term
What is the ligament that goes from articular process to articular process from the sacrum to the occiput
Definition
capsular ligament
Term
What ligament goes from transverse to transverse
Definition
intertransverse ligament
Term
What are the the 3 posterior ligaments
Definition
ISL, SSL, Ligamentum Nuchae
Term
What ligament is supraspinous ligament from C7 to occiput
Definition
ligamentum nuchae
Term
The median sacral crest is homologs to
Definition
spinouses
Term
THe medial or intermediate or sacral crest is homologs to
Definition
articular pillars
Term
The lateral sacral crest is homologs to
Definition
transverse processes
Term
THe dural sac runs from
Definition
L2-L4
Term
The conus medullaris runs from __ to __
Definition
L1/L2 to L4
Term
Filum terminale runs from ___ to ___
Definition
conus medullaris to coccyx
Term
THe inner portion consists of
Definition
pia mater
Term
The outer portion consists of
Definition
dura mater
Term
The largest transverse diameter of the spinal canal (not cord) is
Definition
C1
Term
what level is the largest enlargement of the spinal cord in the upper extremity?
Definition
C6 (C3-T2)
Term
C6 is the largest of the spinal cord of the upper extremity because it contains
Definition
tracts for the arms
Term
What level is the largest enlargement of the spinal cord in the lower extremity
Definition
T12 (T10-T12)
Term
Why is T12 the largest of the upper extremity because
Definition
it contains the tracts for the legs
Term
How many dentate ligaments are there?
Definition
21 (cannot find dentate ligaments in L4)
Term
What do the dentate ligaments connect?
Definition
the pia to the dura along the spinal cord
Term
Joint Classification mneumonic
Definition
SADISM
Term
Synarthrosis
Definition
Immovable
Term
Amphiarthrosis
Definition
slightly movable
Term
Diarthrosis
Definition
movable (freely)
Term
3 types of synarthrosis (fibrous)
Definition
syndesmosis
synostosis
gomphosis
Term
Interosseous membrane is a
Definition
syndesmosis
Term
Example of syndesmossis
Definition
Tib/Fib; Radial/Ulna
Term
Synostosis examples
Definition
sutures of the skull
Term
Gomphosis examples
Definition
teeth
Term
2 types of amphiarthrosis (cartilaginous)
Definition
synchondrosis
symphysis
Term
Examples of synchondrosis
Definition
temporary, epiphyseal plates, hyaline cartilage (becomes bone)
Term
Examples of a symphysis
Definition
IVD, pubic symphysis, fibrocartilage
Term
3 types of diarthrosis (synovial)
Definition
uniaxial
biaxial
triaxial
Term
2 types of uniaxial diarthrosis with examples
Definition
Hinge/Ginglymus (cubital humeral ulnar joint, mortis joint)
Pivot/Trochoid 50% (atlas/axis, proximal radioulnar)
Term
2 types of biaxial diarthrosis joints
Definition
ovoid/condylmus (radiocarpal, MCP, TMJ, knee)
Saddle/Sellar (thumb, Sternoclavicular, 1st MC and trapezium)
Term
2 types of triaxial diarthrosis joints
Definition
gliding planar (facets, AC joint, intercarpal/tarsal)
ball & socket (coxofemoral joint, glenohumeral)
Term
Perpindicular articulation of ethmoid and vomer would be classified as
Definition
schindylesis
Term
SI joints would be classified as
Definition
atypical diarthroidal
Term
How many cervical nerves are there?
Definition
8
Term
How many thoracic nerves are there
Definition
12
Term
How many lumbar nerves are there
Definition
5
Term
How many sacral nerves are there
Definition
5
Term
How many coccygeal nerves are there
Definition
1
Term
Total spinal nerves are
Definition
31
Term
The anterior chamber of the eye is
Definition
cornea to iris- filled with aqueous humor
Term
The posterior chamber of the eye is
Definition
iris to lens (filled with aqueous humor)
Term
The anterior and posterior chamber of the eye communicate by way of the
Definition
pupil
Term
Aqueous humor is made by
Definition
ciliary epithelium in cilliary bodies
Term
if there is an excess of aquous humor
Definition
glaucoma
Term
Glaucoma causes
Definition
increased intraocular pressure and cupping of the disc
Term
The anterior and posterior chambers are in the
Definition
anterior cavity
Term
The posterior cavity is the
Definition
lens to the retina and is filled with vitreous humor (jelly like to maintain shape)
Term
How many chambers are in the posterior cavity
Definition
none
Term
embryology of the lens
Definition
lens placodes (surface ectoderm)
Term
Embryology of the retina and the iris
Definition
optic stalk gives rise to the optic cup
Term
Lens/retina/vision comes from the embryology of the
Definition
pia mater (CNII)
Term
The vascular portion of the eye embryologically comes from
Definition
the choroid derived from the arachnoid
Term
the embyrolocial origin of the sclera is the
Definition
dura mater
Term
The area for the most acute vision is found of the macula of the
Definition
fovea centralis of macula
Term
Retina is made up of
Definition
rods and cones (receptors)
Bipolar cells
Ganglion cells
Term
The fovea centralis of macula has
Definition
cones (bright light and color)
Term
m/c/c of blindness in elderly
Definition
macular degeneration (cant see light)
Term
If someone shines a bright light what happens to the macula
Definition
it is hyperpolarized and gets shuts off (harder to fire)
Term
Rods are located in the
Definition
periphery (dim light, night vision)
Term
What disease effects rods first?
Definition
glaucoma (1st sign: rings around lights)
Term
Pigment is aka
Definition
rhodopsin=purple pigment
Term
Vitamin for rods is
Definition
A (retinol)
Term
Vitamin A deficiency will =
Definition
nyctalopia (night blindness)
Keratomalacia (softening of the cornea)
Term
Where does the optic nerve decussate
Definition
optic chiasm
Term
What also decussates at the optic chiasm
Definition
nasal tracts (carry temporal fields of vision)
Term
Damage to the Chiasm will =
Definition
damage to the nasal tracts
Term
What sits below the optic chiasm
Definition
the pituitary
Term
If there is a pituitary tumor (craniopharyngioma) the patient will have
Definition
bitemporal hemianopsia=tunnel vision
Term
Voluntary muscles of the eye are controlled in the
Definition
frontal lobe innervated ipsilaterally b/c LMN
Term
Vision is provided by the
Definition
occipital lobe (broadman 17)
Term
What is the reflex for eyes with neck movement
Definition
lateral geniculate/thalamus
Term
What is the reflex for ear with neck movement
Definition
medial geniculate/thalamus
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