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Spinal Anatomyb
brain simplified, cells, waves, and fibers
75
Anatomy
Professional
09/02/2012

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Cards

Term
What controls Vasomotor, cardiac centers, autonomic and
Definition
medulla & pons
Term
What reflexes to light and sound, proximal flexor relay, motor relay,
Definition
midbrain
Term
What is a relay station, sensory fibers, Pulvinar region= integration of sensory information
Definition
thalamus
Term
what is the only sense that skips the thalamus
Definition
smell
Term
Sensory from face is from what
Definition
VPM of thalamus
Term
What controls sensory from arms and legs
Definition
VPL of thalamus
Term
A second order neuron is going to go to the
Definition
thalamus
Term
Third order neurons go to the
Definition
cortex
Term
Sensory from the eyes is controlled by the
Definition
lateral geniculate (goes in) of thalamus
Term
Sensory from the ears is controlled by the
Definition
medial geniculate (goes out) thalamus
Term
Intellect and association is controlled by the
Definition
cerebrum
Term
Localization "somesthetic cortex" Broadman 123 abstraction and problem solving is located in the
Definition
parietal lobe
Term
Sight, broadmans area 17,18, 19 in the visual cortex (calcarine fissure)
Definition
occipital lobe
Term
Gyrus of Hershal is located where and is for what
Definition
superior lobe of the temporal and is for hearing
Term
Short-term memory is located in what lobe
Definition
middle lobe of the temporal lobe
Term
Long-term memory and smell is located in what lobe
Definition
inferior lobe of the temporal lobe
Term
What cells control memory
Definition
hippocampal cells
Term
Damage to the hippocampus will lead to
Definition
anterograde anmesia
Term
What cells control smell
Definition
Parahippocampal cell in the Uncal area
Term
what is the midline of the hippocampus?
Definition
fornix
Term
What controls sensory matching and is located in the parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes?
Definition
Wernickes area
Term
What handles interpretation, "does this make sense" and if not it will fire sympathetics
Definition
wernickes area
Term
What disease destroy's wernickes area and what is the deficiency?
Definition
Wernickes Korsakoffs (B1 deficiency)
Term
wernickes korsakoffs disease has 2 main components what are they?
Definition
disease develops sensory aphasia (cant understand language), word blindness in angular gyrus (can read, see, but not understand)
Term
A B1 deficiency without alcohol is
Definition
berry berry
Term
Voluntary motor is located in the
Definition
precentral gyrus broadman 4, 4s, and 6
Term
Voluntary motor is controlled by
Definition
corticospinal tracts (pyramidal)
Term
GIant cells of Betz are in
Definition
pyramid, corticospinal, corticobulbar
Term
Giant cells of Betz function is
Definition
execuative function and personality
Term
motor aphasia is located in
Definition
brocas speech in inferior frontal lobe on the left
Term
Stroke is most common from what artery
Definition
middle cerebral artery (lenticular branch)
Term
the wernickes area is going to send a response to the
Definition
limbic system
Term
the limbic system is associated with
Definition
the amygdala
Term
the amygdala is doing to differentiate
Definition
pleasure or pain (survival?)
Term
What inhibits the thalamus (stop motor response) and provides background muscle tone?
Definition
basal ganglia
Term
The basal ganglia is originated from the
Definition
teleencephalon (cingulate gyrus)
Term
a dysfunction to the basal ganglia will lead to
Definition
parkinsons
Term
parkinsons is aka and what does the patient exhibit
Definition
paralysis antigens, pill rolling tremor, mask like face, forward posture, shuffling gain, lead pipe rigidity
Term
A decrease in dopamin as seen in parkinsons patients from substansia nigra in midbrain forms ___
Definition
lewy bodies or inclusion bodies
Term
The caudate secretes
Definition
GABA
Term
If there is a genetic defect in the caudate it will cause
Definition
huntingtons chorea
Term
Huntingtons chorea is more common in
Definition
males and fatal by 50
Term
The putamen and the caudate will form the
Definition
striatum
Term
What separates the caudate and the putamen
Definition
the internal capsule
Term
the globus pallidus and the putamen will form the
Definition
lentiform
Term
What controls hunger, thirst, temperature, sex, rage, and fear
Definition
hypothalamus
Term
What is initiated by hypothalamus that is used in hunger
Definition
neuropeptide y
Term
What controls balance, equilibrium, involuntary coordination, and unconscious proprioception
Definition
cerebellum
Term
What makes up the blood brain barrier
Definition
Astrocytes and tight capillary beds
Term
What does the blood brain barrier store?
Definition
glucose and glycogen
Term
Microglia are also known as
Definition
macrophages (can adapt to gram+ or gram-)
Term
What lines the ventricles of the CSF?
Definition
ependymal cells
Term
Where is CSF made?
Definition
choroid plexus in lateral ventricles
Term
Where is CSF reabsorbed?
Definition
arachnoid granulations of superior saggital sinus
Term
What is equal to myelin in CNS and made from neural tube
Definition
oligodendrocytes
Term
If there is dmyelinization of the CNS you will have
Definition
MS
Term
Schwann cells are made from
Definition
myelin in PNS (neural crest)
Term
When does demyelinization of the PNS occur?
Definition
post infection polyradiculopathy
Term
What is a post infection polyradiculopathy
Definition
gullian barre (ascending paralysis, post vaccine or post infection)
Term
What do meissners and auerbach's plexus do?
Definition
allows peristalsis from neural crest cells
Term
Meissners=
Definition
mucosal
Term
Auerbach's=
Definition
muscular
Term
If there is an absence of the meissners and the auerbach plexus there is ****
Definition
no peristalsis; congenital megacolon
Term
Congenital megacolon is known as***
Definition
hirschsprungs disease
Term
What cells inhbit alpha motor neurons and leave negative feedback
Definition
renshaw cells
Term
What are quiet meditative waves that disappear in sleep
Definition
alpha waves
Term
what are intense mental activity waves and REM sleep
Definition
beta waves
Term
What are waves in deep sleep or coma
Definition
delta waves
Term
What wakes up the cortex in delta waves
Definition
ARAS (ascending reticular activating system)
Term
Where does the ascending reticular activating system come from?
Definition
mesencephalon
Term
What waves are normal in children and abnormal in adults; seen in the 2nd and 3rd stage of sleep, non REM
Definition
theta waves
Term
Theta waves in adult are indications of
Definition
stress and suicidal thoughts
Term
What fibers of the cerebrum connect the same hemisphere from frontal and temporal (back and forth)
Definition
association fibers
Term
What fibers of the cerebrum connect the left and right brain
Definition
commissural (corpus callosum)
Term
What fibers of the cerebrum connect up and down in both directions
Definition
projection
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