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Spinal Anatomy
Action Potential
40
Anatomy
Professional
09/02/2012

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Term
Once triggered the action potential will travel ____
Definition
over the entire surface of the cell
Term
Triggering the action potential will cause ____ channels to open and the RMP will become ___
Definition
Na; positive
Term
Sodium entering the cell will cause the the membrane to
Definition
depolarize
Term
When the peak of the action potential is reached ___ close and ___ open
Definition
Na closed; K open
Term
During the period of depolarization the membrane will
Definition
not respond to any further stimulus no matter how large
Term
The period of depolarization is referred to as
Definition
absolute refractory period
Term
as the membrane repolarizes ___ to ___ makes it more difficult to ___
Definition
high permeability to K will make it more difficult to depolarize
Term
The period of membrane repolarization is referred to
Definition
relative refractory period
Term
What can elicit a response in the relative refractory period?
Definition
very strong stimulus
Term
when do the ion channels return to their resting state?
Definition
after a brief period of hyper polarization
Term
What law does action potential of the membrane follow
Definition
all or nothing
Term
The membrane polarity changes from ___ to ___ in neurons
Definition
-90mv; +40mv
Term
what is the current of the cell propagated from?
Definition
the cell body of the neuron to the end of the axon and vice versa
Term
what prevents an axonal membrane from depolarization
Definition
myelin
Term
what are the only areas to depolarize?
Definition
nodes of ranvier
Term
In the nodes of ranvier the depolarization allows for faster conduction via the
Definition
saltatory conduction (nerves jump from node to node)
Term
what are 2 things that saltitory conduction do?
Definition
increase speed of the conduction and conserve energy
Term
This type of nerve ending is found in the epidermis and is for crude touch and pressure
Definition
merkel endings
Term
This type of nerve ending is found deep cubcutaneous tissue for vibration
Definition
Pacinian corpuscles (dorsal column)
Term
This type of nerve ending is found in the dermal papillae for two point discrimination (fine touch)
Definition
Meissners corpuscles (dorsal column)
Term
This type of nerve ending is found deep subcutaneous tissue for joint position sense found in the dorsal column
Definition
Ruffini Endings (deepest) (dorsal column)
Term
This type of nerve ending is found in the dermis and the cornea for light touch
Definition
Krause corpuscles
Term
This type of nerve ending is found in the epidermis and the dermis for slow pain and temperature
Definition
(spinothalamic tract) Naked Nerve Endings
Term
This type of nerve ending is found in tendons to detect load or tension
Definition
Golgi tendon organs
Term
This type of nerve ending is found in muscles and detect changes in the length of the muscle
Definition
muscle spindle
Term
If Sodium leaks into the cell continuously from a decrease in calcium what will you have
Definition
tetany
Term
what controls the Na+ gates?
Definition
calcium
Term
if there is an increase in calcium there will be
Definition
no firing of the action potential
Term
At what point is it impossible for the nerve to fire
Definition
absolute refractory period
Term
What brings the 3Na+ cells out of the cell and the 2K+ into the cell to bring it back to the resting membrane potential
Definition
sodium potassium pumps
Term
what is the minimum current for action potential?
Definition
rheobase
Term
what is the time using 2x rheobase for action potential
Definition
chronaxie
Term
what makes the cell harder to fire when Cl rushes in causing the K+ to leak out
Definition
Inhibitory post synaptic potential
Term
What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter of the spine
Definition
glycine
Term
What is the inhibitory neurotransmitter of the brain
Definition
GABA
Term
When the action potential is generated what does it open
Definition
Voltage gated calcium channels on the synaptic end of the neuron
Term
Calcium influx activates ___ which causes the synaptic vessels to fuse with the presynaptic membrane
Definition
calmodulin
Term
what is the only fiber that is not myelinated and has the smallest diameter
Definition
Type C
Term
if someone gets hurt and the next day it goes numb what nerve ending is it coming from?
Definition
unmylenated c pain
Term
what type of pain is fast pressure pain
Definition
Delta A or (A beta)
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