Term
| Cervicalization of Occiput |
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Definition
| Occipital bone mayu increase in size or form new ridges, protuberances, or prominences. Atlas is usually unaffected. |
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Term
| Occipitalization of Atlas |
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Definition
Atlas Assimilation
Atlas is fused in part or completely with the occipital bone |
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Term
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Definition
| if the subdental synchondrosis persists beyond age 7. |
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Term
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Definition
| the centers for the odontoid process are bilateral and appear during the last trimester. Ossification progresses downward from the dens and upward from the centrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| persistence of the subdental synchondrosis beyond age 12 |
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Term
| Basilar impression(invagination) |
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Definition
| When the basilar and condylar parts of the chondrocranium persists longer than normal. The weight of the brain deforms the cartilage at the base of the skull. The foramen magnum is compromized. |
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Term
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Definition
The addition of ribs to C7.
Cervical rib is associated with chromosome karyotype abnormalities is infants.
Usually Asympromatic.
Female Proclivity.
superior A. facet may be BUL instead of BUM
48% |
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Term
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Definition
Rib may be short or absent.
Facet orientations are possible.
Up to 28% of the population. |
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Term
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Definition
Facet orientation changes are possible.
Lumbar ribs.
Males more likely to demonstrate dorsalization. |
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Term
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Definition
Significant shortening of twelfth rib.
Articular Facet Changes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Squaring of the vertebral body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Co1 is prematurely fused to the sacrum |
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Term
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Definition
| S5 segment is seperated from the sacrum and may be fused to the coccyx. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Embryo's C-shaped curve with the convexity facing forward. Persists as the thoracic and pelvic/sacrococcygeal curve. |
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Term
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Definition
anterior/secondary/compensatory curves
cervical and lumbar curves |
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Term
| Cervical Curve develops as a result of: |
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Definition
Centers of vision and equilibrium appear in the brain.
Musculature attaching the skull,cervical region, and upper thorax develops.
Head is held upright.
Anterior intervertebral disc height becomes greater than posterior disc height. |
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Term
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Definition
| Coordination attained by the centers for vision and equilibrium and the musculature allowing the head to be held upright. |
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Term
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Definition
| a primary curve between O and C1 |
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Term
| Development of the lumbar curve |
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Definition
Crawling puts tension on the unsupported lumbar region pulling it forward causing "swayback".
Muscles develop to compensate for "swayback".
Intervertebral disc space is increased along the anterior margin.
Walking further promotes muscle developments and intervertebral disc height differences. |
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Term
| Shift in the Nucleus Pulposus |
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Definition
| Shifts position at the L4 level during formation of the lumbar curve. |
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Term
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Definition
| Greater in its convexity than the male. |
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Term
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Definition
Typically associated with
a R thoracic and L Lumbar curve
80% of population. |
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Term
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Definition
Bending forward condition
Classically any deviation of curve toward anterior. |
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Term
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Definition
Humpback or hunchback condition
Classically any deviation of curve toward posterior. |
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Term
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Definition
| Warped or crooked condition |
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Term
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Definition
decreased anterior curve in the cervical region.
Kyphosis
Hypolordotic |
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Term
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Definition
Increased poserior curve in the thoracic region.
Kyphosis
Hyperkyphotic |
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Term
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Definition
Increased anterior curve in the lumbar region.
Lordosis
Hyperlordotic |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal anterior curve of cervical and lumbar reegions |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal posterior curve or thoracic and pelvic regions |
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Term
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Definition
Increased anterior curve.
Swayback |
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Term
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Definition
Decreased anterior curve
Military Neck |
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Term
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Definition
Increased posterior curve
Hunchback |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased posterior curve |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal lateral curve deviation coupled with axial rotation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to test for skeletal maturity. |
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Term
| Classifications of Scoliosis |
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Definition
Magnitude
Location
Direction
Etiology
Nonstructural Scoliosis
Structural Scoliosis |
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Term
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Definition
Most scoliosis. Unique to individual. "Unknown Etiology"
1-4% |
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Term
| Infantile Idiopathic Scoliosis |
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Definition
Usually resolves spontaneously
L thoracic predominant
More common in males |
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Term
| Juvenile idiopathic scoliosis |
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Definition
after 6
Females more likely |
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Term
| Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis |
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Definition
R Thoracic or R thoracic L Lumbar
More common in females |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Spinous Processes of T11-L2
Not involved in low back pain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mammillary Processes
Transverse Processes
Articular Processes |
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Term
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Definition
reversed order of the origin-insertion
Innervation is segmental |
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Term
| Obliquus capitis inferior |
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Definition
| Lacks any attachment to the skull |
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Term
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Definition
increased density of muscle spindles
function as postural stabilizers of the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints (not prime movers) |
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Term
| Rectus Capitis posterior minor |
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Definition
| attachment to the spinal dura and the atlanto-occipital interspace |
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Term
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Definition
Paired in cervical and lumbar
Singel in thoracics |
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Term
| Only muscle to be innervated by dorsal and ventral rami |
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Definition
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Term
| Lumbar intertransversarii |
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Definition
| Accessory process, Mammillary process |
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Term
| Intertransversarii function |
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Definition
| proprioceptive transducers to regulate the smooth movement of the spine and to maintain appropriate posture |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| may be formed by quadratus lumborum |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| 7 muscle groups innervated by dorsal Rami |
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Definition
Splenius
Suboccipital
Erector Spinae
Transversospinalis
Interspinalis
Levator Costarum
Intertransversarii |
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Term
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Definition
| involves altering the normal electrical change on either side of the plasma membrane of a neuron. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conveys this impulse (depolarization) along the plasma membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Implies the relay of the impulse across a small distance (synaptic cleft) to other neurons, muscle cells, and a growing list of additional cell types. |
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Term
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Definition
neurotransmitters
Neuromodulators
Neurohormones |
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Term
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Definition
| Act rapidly and locally. These substances are the primary chemicals released by neurons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slower acting than transmitters, larger area. |
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Definition
| Slow, but wide spread influence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Identified (most common) during embryogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
Found in:
Nasal Olfactory Epithelium (CN I)
The Retina (CN II)
The Vestibular Ganglia (CN VIII)
The Cochlear Ganglia (CN VIII) |
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Term
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Definition
| Most adult sensory ganglionic neuron cell types. |
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Term
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Definition
| Associated with motor neurons. Multiple projections. |
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Term
| Functional classifications of neurons |
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Definition
sensory/afferent neurons
motor/efferent neurons
interneurons |
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Definition
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Definition
| Function by deformation of the receptor ending through touch, pressure, or sound waves |
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Term
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Definition
Sensitive to:
Hypoxia (decreasing oxygen)
Hypercapnia (increasing carbon dioxide levels)
Increases in hydrogen ion concentration in the blood (indicator of pH) |
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Term
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Definition
Monitor pressure.
Located in specialized vascular sinuses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Distribution-Function combination classification of sensory receptor endings |
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Definition
Exteroreceptors
Proprioceptors
Interoreceptors |
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Term
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Definition
Found and associated with organism's surface. Two Types:
General or cutaneous sense organs
Special sense receptors |
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