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Spinal Anatomy II, Unit 2 PCC
Palmer Spinal Anatomy Unit 2
124
Anatomy
Graduate
11/30/2010

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Term
C1 lacks what typical features
Definition
Vertebral Body
Intervertebral discs
Term
C1 Aterior Tubercle
Attachment site
Definition
(On Anterior Arch)
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Anterior Atlanto Occipital Ligament
Anterior Atlanto Axial Ligament
Longus Coli Muscle
Term
Fovea Dentis
Definition
C1 feature
Concave rounded depression on posterior of anterior arch.
Articulates with the Dens of C2 to form part of the Median Atlanto-Axial joint
Term
Joint classification of Median Atlanto Axial Joint
Definition
Diarthrosis Trochoid
Term
Lateral Mass
Definition
C1 feature
The homologue of the articular pillar of the typical cervical
Term
Joint classification of Occipital condyle/Superior Articular Facet C1 Joint
Definition
Typically Diarthrosis Ellipsoidal
Some classiry it Diarthrosis Condylar
Term
Classification of the Zygapophysis joint between C1 and C2
Definition
Diarthrosis Arthrodia
Term
Median Atlanto Axial Joint
Definition
transverse atlantal ligament completes the osteoligamentous ring
Diarthrosis Trochoid
Term
C1 Lateral Mass
Attachement Site
Definition
Levator Scaplula
Splenius Cervicis
Rectus Capitis Anterior
Term
Distance from tip of posterior tubercle (C1 transverse process) to surface of the skin
Definition
Male: 50mm
Female: 37mm
Term
C1 Posterior Tubercle
Attachment site
Definition
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor
Ligamentum Nuchae
Term
Groove/Sulcus for vertebral artery
Definition
C1 feature
Comparable to superior vertebral notch
First Cervical spinal nerve lies posterior to the vertebral artery as it exits over this groove.
Term
Ponticulus Posticus
Definition
C1 feature
Accessory Bone
Bridge connecting superior articular process to arcuate rim
Ossification of Posterior atlanto-occipital Lig.
Complete more common in males, 15% of population
Partial more common in females, 26% of population
Term
C1 Transverse Process Attachment Site
Definition
Rectus Capitis Anterior
Rectus Capitis Lateralis
Middle Scalene
Levator Scapulae
Splenius Cervicis
Obliquus Capitis Superior
Obliquus Capitis Inferior
Intertransversarii
Intertransvers Lig.
Term
Contents of Transverse Foramen of C1
Definition
Vertebral Artery
Vertebral Venous Plexus
Postganglionic Sympathetic Nerve Fibers
Term
Transverse Diameter C1
Definition
Huge Variation
78mm in males
72mm in females
Term
Distance of posterior tubercle C1 to surface of the skin
Definition
30.4 mm in males
30.3 mm in females
Term
Odontoid Process
Definition
C2 feature
AKA the Dens
15.8 mm toothlike projection
Term
# of Joint surfaces of C2
# of Joint types of C2
Definition
10, 5 above, 5 below
4 types
Term
Longus Coli Muscle Attachment
Definition
C2 Feature
Scallops on anterior vertebral body of C2
Term
Joint surfaces of the Dens
Definition
Synovial surfaces for the anterior arch
Synovial surfaces for the transverse atlantal ligament joint
Attachment site for apical Dental Ligament
Attachement Site for the Alar Ligaments (2)
Term
Lordotic Dens
Definition
Curve faces anterior
Facet for the fovea dentis lies above the position of the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament
Term
Kyphotic dense
Definition
Curve faces posterior (dense pulled forward)
Facet for fovea dentis is located below the position of the groove for the transverse atlantal ligament
Term
Inferior surface vertebral body C2
attachments
Definition
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament
Membrana Tectoria
Term
Lamina C2
Attachments
Definition
Obliquus capitis inferior
Posterior atlanto-axial
Ligamentum Flavum
Term
Articular process C2
Definition
True articular pillar is absent
Superior aarticular facets are asymetrical
In newborns and children the facets are more horizontal
Term
C2 articular process
attachment
Definition
Longissimus Cervicis
Term
C2 Transverse Process
Definition
No costotransverse bar
no anterior tubercle
Term
C2 transverse foramen Conveys
Definition
Vertebral Artery, Vertebral Venous Plexus, Postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
Term
C2 transverse processes diamerter
Definition
Male 57 mm
Fe 50 mm
Term
Transverse Process of epistropheus
attachment
Definition
Levator scauplae, middle scalene, spenius cervicis, longissimus cervicis, intertransversarii
Term
The "always" bifid spinous on "all" humans
Definition
C2
Term
Palpating the C2 spinous process
Definition
Two inches below the EOP
Term
C2 spinous attachment
Definition
Rectus capitis posterior major, obliquus capitis inferior, semispinalis cervicis, spinalis cervicis, multifidus, rotators, interspinalis.
Ligamentum nuchae
interspinous ligaments
Term
Vertebral prominence
Definition
topographical elevation at base of neck
Term
Vertebra prominens
Definition
specific unique name for C7
Term
Vertebral Prominence
Gender variation
Definition
Males more commonly deviate to T1
Females more commonly deviate to C6
Term
C7 vertebral body
Definition
Top is smaller than the bottom
Superior suface typical cervical
Inferior surface lacks uncinate process and grooves
Term
Cy vertebral body attachments
Definition
Longus colli muscle
ALL
PLL
Term
C7 Transverse foramen
Definition
May be absent, singular, or multiple
Term
Contents of C7 transverse foramen
Definition
Vertebral venous plexus
Postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
Term
C7 Transverse process attachment
Definition
middle scalene, iliocostalis thoracis, longissimus cervicis, semispinalis capitis, rotators, intertransversarii, levator costorum brevis
Term
C7 Articular process
attachment
Definition
longissimus cervicis, Longissimus capitis, semispinalis cervicis, multifidis
Term
C7 Spinous process
Definition
"always" non-bifid
Large spinous tubercle
Term
C7 spinous process
attachment
Definition
Trapezius, Rhomboid Major, Serratus Posterior Superior, Splenius Capitis, Spinalis Capitis, Spinalis Cervicis, Semispinalis Thoracis, Multifidus, Rotators, Interspinalis
Ligamentum nuchae
Interspinous Ligaments
Term
Vertebral Artery
Definition
Left side has greater diameter
Men have greater diameter
arises from subclavian artery at T2 level
Ascends within and through C6-C2 transverse foramina
Makes its first compensatory loot in the atlanto-axial intersace
Second compensatory loop around lateral mass C1
Comes to lie next to medulla oblongata
In the pontine medullary cistern the R and L vertebral arteries unite to form the basilar artery
Term
Vertebrobasilar artery insufficiency exam
Definition
tests ipsilateral vertebral artery
Term
Differentiating T2-T4 and T5-T8
Definition
Based of features associated with:
The vertebral body,
Transverse Process
Articular Process
Spinous Process
Term
Aortic Impression
Definition
Flattened left side of vertebral body in the T5-T8 region.
Term
Costovertebral joints
Definition
Rib-vertebrae articulations
Two subtypes:
Costocentral joints
Costotransverse joints
Term
Costovertebral joints
Classification
Definition
Diarthrosis Arthrodia
Term
Size of demifacets
Superior vs. Inferios
Definition
Superior is larger
Term
Anterior boundary of the IVF of a typical thoracic
Definition
Vertebral Body above
Vertebral body below
Intervertebral disc
PLL
The Costocentral joint
Term
Longus Colli Muscle
Attachments
Definition
Vertebral Body C1-T3
Term
Thoracic Vertebral body
attachments
Definition
Longus Colli Muscle (T1, T2, T3)
ALL
PLL
Costocentral capsular ligaments
Costocentral radiate ligaments
Term
Thoracic Vertebral Notches
Definition
The Superior is Slight
Term
Transverse costal facets face
Definition
T2-T6 face forward and outward
T7-T8 face Forward, Outward, and Upward
Term
Thoracic Transverse Process
Attachments
Definition
Longissimus Thoracis
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus Capitis
Semispinalis thoracis
Semispinalis cervicis
Semispinalis capitis
Multifidis
Rotator Longus
Rotator Brevis
Intertransversarii
Levator Costorum Brevis
Levator Costorum Longus
Intertransverse Ligaments
Capsular costotransverse ligaments
Superior costotransverse ligaments
Inferior Costotransverse ligaments
Lateral costotransverse ligaments
Term
Costotransverse foramen
Definition
space between rib and transverse process
Filled mostly by the Inferior Costotransverse Ligament
Term
No muscle attaches to which feature in the typical thoracic
Definition
The pars interarticularis
Term
Thoracic Spinous Process
Attachment
Definition
trapezius
latissimus dorsi (T7, T8)
rhomboid major (T2-T5)
serratus posterior superior (T2,T3)
Splenius cervicis (T3-T6)
Splenius capitis (T2-T4)
Spinalis thoracis
Spinalis cervicis (T2-T6)
Spinalis capitis (T2-T7)
Semispinalis thoracis (T2-T6)
multifidis
rotators longus
rotators brevis
interspinalis
Term
Layer 1 of the true back
Definition
Trapezius and Latissumus Dorsi
Term
Layer two of the true back
Definition
Rhomboid Major
Rhomboid Minor
Levator Scapulae
Term
Layer 3 of the true back
Definition
Serratus posterior superior
Serratus posterior infterior
Term
Layer 4 of the true back
Definition
erector spinae group:
iliocostalis
longissimus
spinalis
Term
Layer 5 of the true back
Definition
Transversospinalis group:
Semispinalis
Multifidis
Rotators
Term
Some muscles that seem like they might be, but aren't layers of the true back
Definition
Interspinalis
Intertransversarii
Levator Costorum
Splenius
Term
# of joint surfaces of vertebral body T1
Definition
10
Term
Joint classifications of vertebral body T1
Definition
Diarthrosis Arthrodia (costocentral joints)
Ampiarthrosis syndesmosis (PLL, ALL)
Ampiarthrosis symphysis (Intervertebral Discs)
Term
Eighth cervical spinal nerve exit
Definition
formed partly by the superior vertebral notch of T1
Term
Transverse process T1
muscle Attachments
Definition
All longissimus muscles
semispinalis cervicis and capitis
Multifidis
Rotators longus and brevis
intertransversarii
levator costorum brevis
Term
T1 transverse process
Ligament attachments
Definition
Intertransverse
Inferior and lateral costotransverse
Superior costotransverse is present going down to rib 2, but rib 1 is has no superior
Term
T1 Spinous process
attachments
Definition
Trapezius
Rhomboid minor
serratus posterior superior
splenius capitis
spinalis thoracis
spinalis cervicis
spinalis capitis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotators
interspinalis
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament
Term
T9 Transverse process
Attachments
Definition
Longissumus thoracis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidus
rotator longus
rotator brevis
intertransversarii
levator costarum brevis
levator catarum longus
Costotransverse capsular lig.
superior, inferior, and lateral costotransverse lig.
Intertransverse lig
Term
Begining at T9 the spinous process
Definition
gradually shortens and becomes more horizontal
Term
T9 Spinous Process
Attachments
Definition
Trapezius
latissimus dorsi
Supraspinous ligament
interspinous ligament
multifidis
rotators longus and brevis
interspinalis
Term
Spinalis muscles are absent in what thoracics?
Definition
T9-T10
Term
Semispinalis muscles are absent
Definition
below C6
Term
# of joint surfaces on T10
Definition
8
Term
Most common site for para-articular processes
Definition
T10 lamina
Term
T10 transverse process
attachemnts
Definition
longissimus thoracis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
intertransversarii
levator costorum brevis
levator costorum longus (last one)
Intertransverse
superior, inferior and lateral costotransverse lig.
Term
Dimpling over the skin is a landmark for which vertebrae?
Definition
T10
Term
T10 Spinous
attachments
Definition
1st and 5th layers only
trapezius
latissimus dorsi
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
interspinalis
supraspinous
interspinous
Term
Shape of T11 vertebral body
Definition
Reniform
Term
Costotransverse joint of T11
Definition
the synovial joint is absent, replaced by a fibrous joint
Term
T11 Transverse process
Attachments
Definition
Longissimus thoracis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
intertransversarii
levator costorum brevis (no longus!)
Intertransverse lig.
Superior, inferior, and lateral costotransverse ligaments
Term
Spinous process T11
Definition
Earns it the name anticlinal vertebrae
nearly horizontal
Term
T11 spinous process
Attachments
Definition
Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
serratus posterior inferior
iliocostalis lumborum
spinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
interspinalis
interspinous and supraspinous ligs.
Term
Costocentral joint of the twelfth rib
Definition
lies mostly on the pedicle of T12
Term
T 12 Vertebral body
Attachments
Definition
Psoas Major
Psoas minor

ALL
PLL
Costocentral capsular, costocentral radiate (stelate)
Term
T 12 Transverse process
Definition
Not typical
Superior, inferior, and lateral tubercles
Costotransverse joint is not synovial
Term
T12 Transverse Process
Attachment
Definition
Longissimus thoracis
semispinalis thoracis
multifidis
rotator longus
rotator brevis
intertransversarii

Intertransverse ligaments
Term
Agings effect on vertebral height and circumfrence
Definition
decrease height, increase circumfrence
Term
Lumbar transforaminal ligaments
Definition
superior corporotransverse lig, inferior corporotransverse lig, superior transforaminal lig, middle transforaminal lig, inferior transforaminal lig.
Term
An Excelent site for spinal tap and why
Definition
The lumbar region
Shingling is diminished
imbrication is diminished
spinal cord terminates at T1
Term
Lumbar vertebral foramen
Definition
triangular in outline
L1 contains conus medullaris
L2 and bellow contain the cauda equina
Term
lipomatosis
Definition
too much epidural fat deforming the dural sac
Term
Lumbar transverse process
Definition
increase in length from L1-L3, then diminish.
Home to the accessory process
Term
Styloid process (of lumbars)
Definition
congenital elongation of accessory process
Term
Lumbar articular process
Definition
Superior width greater than inferior width
Mammillary process lives here
Term
Joint tropism
Definition
joint asymmetry
zygapophusis aren't on the same plane
Term
Baastrup's syndrome
Definition
kissing spines
result of adging
increased spinous process length (Lumbar)
Term
Knife clasp syndrome
Definition
congenital
elongated spinous processes that endter a sacral spinal canal eshibiting spina bifida during dorsiflexion
It hurts
Term
Spondylosis
Definition
aquired, age related changes
Term
Spondylolysis
Definition
seperation of bony elements, particularly at the pars interarticularis location
Term
Who has a high incidence of spondylolysis?
Definition
Native Alaskan population
Term
Lumbar Spondylolysis is never found in:
Definition
Fetuses
newborns
children under 5
patients who have never walked
non erect species
Term
The spondylolysis ligament
Definition
richly innervated
nociception, neuromodulator, autonomic
Term
Scotty Dog
Definition
A normal oblique X-Ray of lumbar region
Term
Collared Scotty Dog
Definition
X-ray sign of spondylolysis
Term
Cervical Spondylolysis
Definition
Rare
More frequent in Men
Most common at C6
Term
Sacral Spondylolysis
Definition
observed in Native Alaskan Men
Term
Spondilolisthesis
Definition
Anterior slippage of vertebral body du to bilateral spondyloslysis.
Term
Retrospondylosisthesis
Definition
posterior vertebral slippage
Term
Type I Spondylolisthesis
Definition
Dysplastic or Congenital Spondylolisthesis
Defect in vertebral arch of L5 or upper Sacral bodies
Articular facets become abnormal
Term
Type II Spondylolisthesis
Definition
Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
Lytic or stress fracture induced
More common in men,
Commonly L5/S1 level
Sagittal diameter of spinal canal increases
Term
Type III Spondylolisthesis
Definition
Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Associated with osteoarthritis, intervertebral disc degeneration, ligament laxity, articular facet remodeling
More common in women
L4/L5 level
Term
Type IV Spondylolisthesis
Definition
Traumatic Spondylolisthesis
Fracture of the neural arch components
Term
Type V Spondylolisthesis
Definition
Pathogenic Spondylolisthesis
Various bone diseases such as
Paget Disease or
Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Term
Ventral Sacral Foramina
VS
Dorsal Sacral Foramina
Definition
Ventral are larger
Term
Median Sacral Crest
Definition
made of fused spinous processes
Term
Intermediate sacral crest
Definition
made of superior articular process and facets, mamillary process of S1 down to the Sacral Cornu
Term
Sacral Tuberocity
Definition
The S2 transverse tubercle
Term
Joint classifications in the coxxyx
Definition
Ampiarthrosis Symphysis: Intervertebral Disc
Ampiarthrosis Syndesmosis: Ventral Sacrococcygeal, Deep and Superficial Dorsal Sacrococcygeal ligament, Intercurnual lig.
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