Term
|
Definition
|
26: 24 presacral segments + sacrum (5 fused segments) + coccyx (4 fused segments)
Adolescents said to have 33 segments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The 24 presacral segments |
|
|
Term
| 7 Cervicals in all mammals except: |
|
Definition
2-MA-3
two-toed sloth (6)
Manatee (6)
Ant Bear (8)
three-toed sloth (9) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thoracic – breast plate or chest
Dorsal – back or posterior
12 vertebrae
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
“loin”; region between hip and rib
5 segments
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Connotation with the Devine.
Revered because of its relationship with fecundity and birthing.
usually 5 segments
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greek: Cuckoo’s bill or beak
Usually up to 5 segments
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Sexual Dimorphism
Ontogenetic Variation
Geographic or Population based variation
Idiosyncratic variation |
|
|
Term
| How common is variation to the vertebral collumn? |
|
Definition
Variation seen in 1/3 of the population
30% of the population demonstrate all characteristics for each segment |
|
|
Term
| Spinal collumn Measurements |
|
Definition
40% of total body height
Male: 70 cm (27.5- -28.75 in)
Female: 60 cm (24.5-25.75 in)
(femoral length is primarilly responsible for height variation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cervical: 12 cm 5 in
Thoracic: 28 cm 11 in
Lumbar: 18 cm 7 in
Sacrum: 12 cm 5 in |
|
|
Term
| Ten functions of the vertebral column |
|
Definition
1. protection of spinal cord, viscera
2. support for head, upper extr, ribs, viscera, pelvis
3. skeletal formation of costae
4. weight-bearing transfer to pelvis and lower extr
5. motion and locomotion
6. shape and position of human frame
7. resiliency: compensation for tension, torsion, compression and shear forces
8. transmission through intervertebral foramen
9. horizontal axis for organs for equilibrium and vision (vestibular aparatus of inner ear and eyes)
10. stabilization of visceral function |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Increases from C2-S1, then decreases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cervical: rectangular
Thoracic:Triangular
Lumbar: Reniform |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary center of ossification; formed when cartilage template is penetrated by blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Formation of Epiphyseal Rim |
|
Definition
Epiphysial Plate: 7-9 years old
Epiphysial Ring: 12 years old
Epiphysial Rim: 15 years old
Example of an ampiarthrosis synchondrosis (cartilage) joint |
|
|
Term
| Nutrient/Vascular Foramina |
|
Definition
| Sites of penetration of the cartilage template by blood vessels (persist to supply compact bone and marrow cavity) |
|
|
Term
|
Basivertebral venous foramina |
|
Definition
|
One or two large openings at the back of the vertebral body (where basivertebral veins exit the marrow cavity) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Foot-like, stem-like, stalk-like
Anterior portion of vertebral arch
Comes from vertebral body
|
|
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Term
|
Definition
Cervical: posterolateral
Thoracic: posterior
Lumbar: posterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Normal overlapping of laminae seen on an A-P X-ray |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary ligament of the lamina, attaches laminae of a vertebral couple together. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ossified ligamentum flavum at its attachment site forming spike-like projections.
Accessory bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cervical: Articular Pillar
Thoracic: Pars interarticularis
Lumbar: Pars interarticularis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Fusion of laminae and attachment for spinous process.
On x-ray the laminae are superimposed creating a whiter immage as compared to the spinous |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Another name for process. ie spinous process vs. spinous apophysis |
|
|
Term
| Angle of the Transverse process |
|
Definition
Cervical: anterolateral
Thoracic: Posterolateral
Lumbar: Lateral |
|
|
Term
| Longest Transvers process among the Lumbars |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior part of the transverse process in non rib articulating vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Superior articular process when joined in a vertebral couple |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inferior articular process when joined in a vertebral couple |
|
|
Term
| The 4 anterior boundaries in an IVF |
|
Definition
the vertebral bodies of the vertebral couple (2)
The intervertebral disc
The posterior Longitudinal Ligament |
|
|
Term
| The 4 posterior boundaries of the IVF |
|
Definition
The postzygapophysis of the vertebra above
The prezygapophysis of the vertebrae below
The capsular ligament of the zygapophysis
The Ligamentum Flavum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Inferior vertebral notch |
|
|
Term
| The Inferior boundary of the IVF |
|
Definition
| The superior vertebral notch |
|
|
Term
| Determination of the degree of angulation |
|
Definition
| tracing a line along the length of the undersurface of the spinous process and calculating the degree of slope from a horizontal plane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Spinous process overlap on X-ray |
|
|
Term
| Shape of vertebral foramen |
|
Definition
| All are transversly broad. Cervical: Triangular Thoracic: Oval Lumbar: Triangular Sacrum: Triangular |
|
|
Term
| Typical termination point of the spinal cord |
|
Definition
| within the L1 vertebral foramen |
|
|
Term
| Fluid in each of the Spaces |
|
Definition
Epidural Space: Interstitial Fluid
Subdural Space: serous fluid
Subarachnoid Space: Cerebrospinal fluid |
|
|
Term
| Space that is likely a potential space |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood vessels of Epidural space |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior spinal canal arteries, anterior and posterior internal vertebral venous plexuses, and the basivertebral vein. |
|
|
Term
| Ligaments contained in the epidural space |
|
Definition
| Posterior Longitudinal Ligament, Ligamentum flavum, Hoffman ligaments |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attach the dura mater to vertebral bodies, intervertebral disc, and/or hte PLL |
|
|
Term
| Nerves contained in the epidural space |
|
Definition
Reccurent meningial
AKA
Sinuvertebral Nerve
AKA
Sinus vertebral nerve |
|
|
Term
| Arteries in the subarachnoid space |
|
Definition
anterior spinal arteries (2 from C3-C6, 1 below C6)
Posterior spinal arteries (2)
Arterial casa corona (composed of spinal arteris and communicating arteries)
anterior and posterior proximal and distal radicular arteries
anterior and posterior medullary feeder arteries |
|
|
Term
| Veins in the subarachnoid space |
|
Definition
Anterior and posterior longitudinal veins
Venous vasa corona (with communicating veins)
anterior and posterior radicular veins
anterior and posterior medullary veins
Intervertebral veins |
|
|
Term
| Ligaments withing subarachnoid space |
|
Definition
| the dentate ligament (lateral modification of pia mater) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the neural tissue of the spinal cord terminates (at L1) the pia mater collapses to form this small thread. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| At the vertebral foramen of S2 the dura and arachnoid maters fuse, forming this structure. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The greatest transverse diameter of the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| T9-T12, location of the origin for spinal nerves L1-S3 (2 a peice) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the tapering of the spinal cord inside the vertebral foramen of L1.
spinal nerces S4, S5, and Co1 arise along the length |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
collection of nerve roots below L1
Latin: horse's tail |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
last arterial vasa corona and a continuation of the anterior spinal artery past the conus medularis appear as a cross.
Another is located on the femur |
|
|
Term
| Coccygeal medullary vestige |
|
Definition
| site of attachment for the filum terminale externum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Below S2 the meninges (dura, arachnoid, and pia maters) continue as a thread.
Attach to the vertebral bodies of Co1 and Co2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Caused by a conus medullaris below L1 and a filum terminale thicker than 2mm.
Results in progressive lower extremity neurological deficiencies |
|
|
Term
| The four basic tissue types |
|
Definition
epithelial
Muscular
Neural
Connective Tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
bone cells and embedded into.
contains ground substance, collogen fibers, and various minerals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rich in glycosaminoglycans (linear, nonbranching, repeating disaccharide units). |
|
|
Term
| Primary collogen fiber in bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most frequently described deposit in bone |
|
Definition
| hydroxyapatit, a form of calcium phosphate |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of "living" bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intramembranous ossification |
|
Definition
bone formation when bone develops within the primitive connective tissue.
Most bones of the skull develop this way. |
|
|
Term
| Endochondral ossification |
|
Definition
Bone developes within cartilage.
Most of the skeleton and some bones of the skull |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only bone out of the skull developing from both endochondral and intramembranous ossification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The length of the bone is greater the the breadth. Ex. bones of the extremities except the carpals and tarsals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cuboidal outline. Ex. the carpals (except the pisiform) and the tarsals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thin layer of spongy bone sandwiched between two thin layers of compact bone.
Ex. parietal bone, the sternum, and the blade of the scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The spongy bone of flat bones in the skull. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Numerous projection or irregular outlines.
Ex. Most bones of the skull, the vertebrae, and the innominate bones |
|
|
Term
| Paranasal Bones/Pneumatic Bones |
|
Definition
| Ex. the temporal bone, frontal, ethmoid, maxilla, and sphenoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
small round bones located in tendons
Ex. Pisiform and patella |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
formed from the periosteum of existing bone
Ex. Para-articular process and bony spurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Formed from cells within nonbone-related tissues.
Ex. pineal gland, heart, other ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Linear surface elevations |
|
Definition
Line: slightest height ex. transverse lines of the sternum
Ridge: slightly higher ex. transverse ridges of sacrum
Crest: highest ex. median, intermediat, and lateral sacral crests |
|
|
Term
| Rounded surface elevations |
|
Definition
Tubercle: small base and height ex. superior, inferior, and lateral tubercles T12
Protuberance: larger base ex. Mental protuberance/mandible the EOP/occuput Trochanter: large base and hight ex. greater and lesser trochanter/femur
Tuber/Tuberosity: large rough rounded ex. frontal tuber/frontal bone, tuberosity for the serratus anterior m./second rib, sacral tuberosity of S2, ischial tuberosity/innominate bone Malleolus: hammerhead-like elevation ex. medial malleolus/tibia, lateral malleolus/fibula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Spine: thorn-like elevation ex. ischial spine/innominate bone
Process: sharp, increased length ex. mastoid and stylus process/temporal bone; spinous, articular, and transverse process/vertebrae; xiphoid process/sternum |
|
|
Term
| Linear surface depressions |
|
Definition
Notch/Incisure: short ex. superior and inferior vertebral notch incisure
Groove: long furrow ex. groove for Sup. petrosal sinus, groove for greater petrosal nerve, mastoid groove/temporal bone
Sulcus: wide groove ex. sulcus for vertebral artery C1 |
|
|
Term
| Rounded surface depressions |
|
Definition
Fovea:shallow ex. fovea dentis/C1; Pterygoid fovea/mandible
Fossa: deeper ex. lacrimal fossa/frontal bone; mandibular or glenoid fossa/temporal bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Foramen: completely penetrates thin bone ex. foramen ovale/sphenoid;
Canal: passageway with length ex. vidian canal
Meatus: blind ended passageway ex. internal accoustic meatus/temporal bone
Fissure: slit like opening between 2 or more bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ex. articular facets in thoracics |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Head: bulbous rounded
Condyle: knuckle-shaped surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
origionaly meant mummy or dried corpse
206 bones
80 in axial skeleton
126 in appendicular skeleton |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Facial skeleton/splanchnocranium |
|
Definition
14 bones:
unpaired-vomer and mandible
paired-nasal, lacrimal, palatine, maxilla, zygomatic, and inferior nasal concha bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6 bones, paired- stapes (stirrup), incus (anvil) and malleus (hammer) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| manubrim sterni, gladiolus (corpus sterni), and xiphoid process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Costa verae
ribs 1-7
vertebrosternal ribs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
ribs 8-10
articulat together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Joint classifications based on space filling material |
|
Definition
| Fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal alignment of teeth during clusure of the mouth may cause TMJ syndome which may result in atlant-occipital subluxation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two or more bony surfaces are connected by a thin layer of dense connective tissue. No joint cavity exists. |
|
|
Term
| Four subcategories of synarthrosis |
|
Definition
| suture, gomphosis, schindylesis, and syndesmosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
true suture, bones of the skull formed intramembranously.
All examples interlock at their edges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| connective tissue trapped between bones of suture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located between forming frontal and parietal bones. Bregma is the adult remnant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| located between forming parietal and occipital bones. Lamda is the adult remnant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
False sutures
Result of endochondral ossification
lack of interlocking bones |
|
|
Term
| Synarthrosis Sutura Serrate/Serrate Suture |
|
Definition
Edges of bones shaped like saw.
Ex: sagital suture, metopic suture |
|
|
Term
| Synarthrosis Sutura Denticulate/Denticulate Suture |
|
Definition
Looks like reciprocating teeth.
Ex: lambdoid suture, sagital suture, lambda |
|
|
Term
| Synarthrosis Sutura Limbous/Limbous Suture |
|
Definition
Interlocking and overlapping
Ex: coronal suture |
|
|
Term
| Synarthrosis Sutura Squamous/Squamous Suture |
|
Definition
overlap, but not interlocking
Ex: tempero-parietal suture |
|
|
Term
| Synarthrosis Sutura Harmonia |
|
Definition
non-interlocking, non-overlapping
Ex: cruciate suture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
peg in socket joint
Ex: alveolar socket/dental alveolus of mandible and maxila |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fills the joint space in the synarthrosis gomphosis joint of the alveolar socket/dental alveolus |
|
|
Term
| Synarthrosis Schindylesis |
|
Definition
involves a fissure(schindylesis) recieving a thin plate of bone.
Ex: rostrum of sphenoid and perpendicular plate of ethmoid, alae of vomer, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the joint space is filled with white fibrous connective tissue, the interosseous ligament. Most are semi movable
Ex: Coraco-clavicular, distal tibia-fibula joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cartilage fills the space between apposing bones.
Two varieties: synchondrosis, symphysis |
|
|
Term
| Ampiarthrosis Synchondrosis |
|
Definition
primary cartilaginous joints. typically seen as temporary.
Ex: metaphysis between the diaphysis and epiphysis of long bones, cartilage spacers between centrum and neural arches of vertebrae
Exeption: the costochondral joint of all ribs and the first sternochondral joint are all permanent ampiarthrosis synchondrosis joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Secondary cartilaginous joint
formed from fibrocartilage, occur between bones forming from endochondral ossification.
Ex. intervertebral disc, pubic symphysis |
|
|
Term
| Exceptions to the permanent amphiarthrosis symphysis rule |
|
Definition
| symphysis menti between developing halves of the mandible |
|
|
Term
| Diarthrosis, 4 consistent features |
|
Definition
| articular/fibrous capsule, synovial membrane, two or more articular cartilage surfaces, and synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| may accompany the capsular ligament as part of the firbrous capsule. Will be intracapsular ligaments or extracapsular ligaments |
|
|
Term
| Type I articular mechanoreceptors |
|
Definition
Ruffini endings
Found in superficial layer of fibrous capsule.
Encapsulated
monitor joint at rest
most numerous in the cervical zygopophyseal joints |
|
|
Term
| Type II articular mechanoreceptors |
|
Definition
Pacinian corpuscles
deeper strata of the fibrous capsule
moniter joint during normal range of motion
most numerous in the cervical region |
|
|
Term
| Type III articular mechanoreceptors |
|
Definition
Golgi tendon organs
present in collateral and intrinsic ligaments
moniters extreme joint movement |
|
|
Term
| Type IV articular reveptors |
|
Definition
nociceprots. non-encapsulated, non-corpuscular, non-myelinated.
Type IVa: within fibrous capsule, articular fat pads, and outer layers of blood vessels
Type IVb: present in accessory ligaments. Dense in PLL, less in ALL |
|
|
Term
| the outer layer of the intervertebral disc possesses which articular receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three classifications of synovial membranes |
|
Definition
| articular, bursal, and vaginal |
|
|
Term
| Three modifications to articular synovial membrane |
|
Definition
synovial villi,
articular fat pads,
synovial menisci and intra-articular discs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
finger like extensions of synovial membrane
Increase the surface area available for secretion-absorption phenomena.
Increase with age. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Haversion "glands"
absent from areas with direct contact: intra-articular disc, synovial meniscus, and articular cartilage |
|
|
Term
| Synovial menisci and intra articular discs |
|
Definition
| condensed fibrous connective tissue or fibrocartilaginous projections of the synovial membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
two types:
subcutaneous synovial bursa: between integument and bone (skin and patella of knee)
Subtendinous synovial bursa: between tendon or muscle and the bone or cartilage over which they glide(gluteal muscles and greater trochanter of the femur) |
|
|
Term
| Vaginal synovial membranes |
|
Definition
| a tendon to gluide through an osseous-fibrous sleeve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secrete proteinaceous substances and hyaluronic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
specialized hyaline cartilage
Lacks a true perichondrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
consist of a core protein and about 30 glycosaminoglycans
Provide a network for water retention |
|
|
Term
| Elastic properties of cartilage |
|
Definition
| enable the cartilage to rapidly return to initial volume after compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cartilage more slowly returns to initial volume after compression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Non articulating
fluid is expressed from the cartilage during compression and combines with the synovial fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Articulating
water is driven into the cartilage during compression. viscous material accumulates in the pits, replenish lubricating substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some synovial fluid is absorbed onto the cartilage surface and is never removed, like oil on a windsheild. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
yellow-white, viscous, slightly alkaline, salty taste.
low volume in joints; consists of fats, salts, albumins, and hyaluronate.
It is both a dialystate and a transudate |
|
|
Term
| Sourse of viscosity and lubrication in synovial fluid |
|
Definition
| most say hyaluronate, newer idea is lubricin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
one pair of articular surfaces
Ex. interphalangeal joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
more than one pair of articulating surfaces
Ex. humero-radial, humero-ulnar, and proximal radio-ulnarjoints form the elbow joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
include and articular disc or meniscus between the articulating surfaces.
Ex. the knee joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
exhibit only translational movement.
arthroidal=plane gliding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
single combination of movements
flexion-extension or medial lateral rotation.
Ginglymus and trochoid joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
two independent planes of movement
flexion-extension combined with adduction-abduction.
Bicondylar, ellipsoidal, and sellar |
|
|
Term
| Multiaxial synovial joints |
|
Definition
most of movements allowed.
Enarthrosis (spheroidal, cotyloid) joints |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flat/plane or slightly concave-convex.
Ex. zygapophysis, intercarpal, carpometacarpal (except thumb), intermetacarpal, intercuneiform, tarsometatarsal, intermetatarsal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Like a hinge
Ex. Interphalangeal joints, humero-ulnar joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pivot joint
Ex. proximal radio-ulnar joint, median atlanto-axial joint |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
knuckle like male surface, ellipsoidal female surface.
Ex. radiacarpal, metacarpo-phalangeal, metatarso-phalangeal, atlanto-occipital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Shaped like a saddle
carpometacarpal joint of the thumb, talocrural, calcaneocuboid joints |
|
|
Term
| Diarthrosis enarthrosis/cotyloid/spheroidal |
|
Definition
ball and socket
Ex. femur acetabulum, humerous and glenoid cavity of scapula |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
R brachiocephalic trunk (innominate A.)
L common carotid A.
L Subclavian A. |
|
|
Term
| Branches of External Carotid A. |
|
Definition
SALFOPIS
Superior thyroid
Ascending pharyngeal
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior auricular
Internal maxillary
Superficial temporal |
|
|
Term
Internal Carotid Artery
branches in the cervical region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Internal Carotid Artery
branches through carotid canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branches of Internal Carotid Artery |
|
Definition
None in the cervicals
Ophthalmic Artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Segmental Arteries:
vertebral artery
ascending cervical artery
deep cervical artery |
|
|
Term
| Segmental artery from Axillary artery |
|
Definition
| Highest (supreme or superior) thoracic artery (T1, maybe T2) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
begin as blind ended sacs
have a greater luminal diamerter than blood capilaries
variable lumenal diameter
layerd plexus arrangement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Medium sized lymph vessels
More numerous than veins
possess more valves than veins
anastomose more frequently than veins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| large lymphatic vessels. several lymphatics converged. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drains R side of head, neck, and thoracic parietal wall, R upper extremity, R lung, and convex (diaphragmatic) surface of the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
originates at L2 from the cisterna chyli
Drains everything else into the left brachiocephalic vein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
lack a capsule
several solitary lymph nodules fused together make an aggregate lymph nodule. Examples of these are tonsils and Peyer's patches. These aggregates aid in immune response and do lymphocytopoiesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary function is to filter lymph.
Additional functions: lymphocytopoiesis and participation in immune response |
|
|
Term
| Typical cervical vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical vertebral body height |
|
Definition
| Posterior height is slightly greater than anterior height |
|
|
Term
| Cervical Intervertebral Disc height |
|
Definition
compensates for vertebral body height.
decreases from C2-C3 Increases from C5-C7. |
|
|
Term
| Joint surfaces on typical cervical vertebral body |
|
Definition
10
Superior epiphyseal rim-4
Inferior epiphyseal rim-4
Cancelous-2 (1 superior 1 inferior) |
|
|
Term
| Joints of the typical cervical vertebrae |
|
Definition
Uncinate process and lateral groove form joint of Lushka, a modifies diarthrosis sellar joint (2)
The ALL, anterior lip, and anterior groove: amphiarthrosis syndesmosis
PLL, posterior lip, posterior groove: amphiarthrosis syndesmosis
Intervertebral disc:Ampiarthrosis Symphysis |
|
|
Term
| The greatest transverse diameter of all carvicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cervical vertebral body with greatest frequency of osteophyts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Muscles attaching to anterior tubercle of the cervicals |
|
Definition
| Anterior Scalene, Lungus Capitis, Longus Colli, Anterior Intertranseversarrii |
|
|
Term
| Muscles attaching to the posterior tubercle in the cervical vertebrae |
|
Definition
Splenius cervicis,
iliocostalis cervicis,
longissimus cervicis,
levator scapula,
middle scalene,
posterior scalene,
rotators,
posterior intertransversarii |
|
|
Term
| Muscles attaching to the costotransverse bar of the cervicals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Angle of the adult cervical transverse process |
|
Definition
| 60 degrees anterolateral, 15 degrees inferior |
|
|
Term
| Sulcus for the ventral (primary) ramus of a cervical spinal nerve |
|
Definition
| Formed along the top of the costotranseverse bar |
|
|
Term
| Sulcus/groove for dorsal ramus of cervical vertebrae |
|
Definition
| found on the articuar pillar |
|
|
Term
| Cervical Articular Facets |
|
Definition
obliquely angled.
40-45 degrees traditionally
55-60 degrees suggested by recent studies |
|
|
Term
| Muscles attaching to the Cervical articular process |
|
Definition
Longissimus cervicis
Longissimus capitis
Semispinalis cervicis
Semispinalis capitis
Multifidis
perhaps Rotators |
|
|
Term
| Joint classification of the zygapophysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Greatest range of motion in the cervical vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
41% slight lordotic
10% hyperlordotic
49% straight or hypolordotic curve (more common in females) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| typical of caucasion population, not the African American population |
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