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Special Senses - The Ear
Structure of the ear
83
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
11/24/2012

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Cards

Term
Name the 3 divisions of the ear
Definition
1. Outer
2. Middle
3. Inner
Term
How many structures are does the outer ear contain?
Definition
4
Term
What is the primary function of the outer ear?
Definition
Aids in hearing
Term
Name the 4 structures of the outer ear?
Definition
1. Auricle (Pinna)
2. External acoustic meatus (canal)
3. Tympanic membrane
4. Cermuninous glands
Term
What is the auricle?
Definition
The fleshy part of the outer ear
Term
What is the function of the outer ear?
Definition
To funnel airwaves into the external acoustic meatus
Term
Name the two portions of the auricle
Definition
1. Helix (rim)
2. Earlobe
Term
The helix is composed primarily of ______ tissue
Definition
elastic cartilage
Term
The earlobe is composed primarily of ______ tissue
Definition
Adipose
Term
Describe the acoustic auditory meatus
Definition
Short, curved, tubular passageway
Term
What lines the acoustic auditory meatus?
Definition
Skin and hairs
Term
What is the function of the external auditorty meatus?
Definition
To funnel soundwaves to the tympanic membrane
Term
(T/F) the external acoustic meatus is carved into the temporal bone
Definition
True
Term
The external acoustic meatus is ____ cm in length and ____ cm in diameter
Definition
2; .5
Term
What is another name for the tympanic membrane?
Definition
The eardrum
Term
What is the function of the tympanic memb?
Definition
To transfer soundwaves into the middle ear as mechanical energy (vibrations)
Term
What vibrates the eardrum?
Definition
Soundwaves
Term
Describe the eardrum
Definition
Thin, translucent CT membrane
Term
What do the ceruminous glands do?
Definition
Produce and secrete the substance known as earwax
Term
What is the function of earwax?
Definition
A trap for small bugs and other parasites
Term
What is the middle ear mostly involved in?
Definition
Hearing
Term
Name the 5 structures within the middle ear
Definition
1. tympanic cavity
2. Pharyngotympanic tube
3. Auditory Ossicles
4. Tensor Tympani
5. Stapedius muscle
Term
Describe the tympanic cavity
Definition
Small, air filled cavity within the temporal bone
Term
What two structures are in the wall of the tympanic cavity?
Definition
Round window and oval window
Term
What are the other names for the pharyngotympanic tube?
Definition
Eustachian tube, auditory tube
Term
What does the eustachian tube do?
Definition
Connects the middle ear with the pharyx
Term
What is the function of the auditory tube
Definition
To equalize the pressure of the middle ear with the atmospheric pressure to allow it to vibrate properly and to prevent distortion of the membrane
Term
(T/F) The tissue lining the tympanic cavity and auditory tube is continuous with the lining of the throat
Definition
True
Term
How long is the auditory tube?
Definition
4cm
Term
What is often the cause of a middle ear infection?
Definition
Sore throat
Term
Why are middle ear infections more prevalent in children>
Definition
The auditory tube is shorter therefore it is easier for infection to spred
Term
Name the 3 auditory ossicles
Definition
Malleus, incus, stapes
Term
(T/F) the auditory ossicles are the smallest bones in the human body
Definition
True
Term
How are they connected?
Definition
Synoival joints
Term
How do the bones stay in place?
Definition
They are suspended by ligaments
Term
What is the other name for the malleus?
Definition
Hammer
Term
What is the other name for the incus?
Definition
Anvil
Term
What is the other name for the stapes?
Definition
Stirrup
Term
Name the two muscles in the tympanic cavity
Definition
Tensor tympani, and stapedius
Term
(T/F) the tensor tympani and stapedius are the two smallest muscles in the human body
Definition
True
Term
What is the function of the tensor tympani
Definition
Upon contraction, pulls on the malleus therefore putting tension on the tympanic membrane, minimizing movement
Term
What is the function of the stapedius?
Definition
Contraction pulls on the stapes, reducing the possible amount of movement
Term
What is the main function of the middle ear?
Definition
Hearing
Term
What are the functions of the inner ear?
Definition
Hearing and equilibrium
Term
Name the two labryths of the inner ear?
Definition
Membranous and bony
Term
What is contained in the membranous labyrinth?
Definition
Endolymph and the receptors for both equilibrium and hearing
Term
What is contained in the bony labyrinth?
Definition
Perilymph
Term
Name the 3 parts of the bony labrynth.
Definition
1. Vestibules
2. Semi-circular canals
3. Cochlea
Term
Name the two vestibules
Definition
Utricle and saccule
Term
What is the sensory unit within the vestibules?
Definition
Maculae
Term
The maculae of the saccule are oriented in which direction?
Definition
Vertically
Term
The maculae in the saccule detect which forces?
Definition
Vertical forces
Term
The maculae in the utricle are oriented in which direction?
Definition
Horizontally
Term
The maculae in the utricle detect which forces?
Definition
Horizontal forces
Term
What are the sensory cells within the maculae?
Definition
Hair cells
Term
What is the unit on the hair cell that gets distorted?
Definition
Stereocilia
Term
What is the otolith?
Definition
The entire complex of gelatinous mass and staticonia
Term
What are staticonia?
Definition
Calcium carbonate crystals in the otolith
Term
What cells support the hair cells?
Definition
Supporting cells
Term
Name the otolith organ that detects rotation
Definition
Semicircular canals
Term
Name the 3 semicircular canals
Definition
1. Anterior
2. Posterior
3. Lateral
Term
What type of movement does the anterior semicirc canal detect?
Definition
"Yes" rotation
Term
What type of movement does the posterior semicirc canal detect?
Definition
Tilting head side to side
Term
What type of movement does the lateral semicirc canal detect?
Definition
"No" rotation
Term
What are the ampullae?
Definition
The swollen portion within the semicric canals that contains the receptive organs
Term
What is the cupula?
Definition
The gelatinous structure that the stereocilia is embedded in
Term
Besides stereocilia, what does each hair cell contain in the ampulla?
Definition
kinocilium
Term
What structure are the semicircular canals continuous with?
Definition
Vestibule
Term
What structure is responsible for sound sensation?
Definition
Cochlea
Term
What is the modiolus?
Definition
The central hub that the cochlea is wound around
Term
What does the modiolus house?
Definition
The spiral ganglion (cell bodies of the cells monitoring the receptors in the cochlear duct)
Term
What are the 3 ducts of the cochlea?
Definition
Vestibular, cochlear and tympanic
Term
What are the other names for the 3?
Definition
Scalas; vestibuli, madia, tympani
Term
Endolymph is contained in which structure
Definition
The cochlear duct
Term
Perilymph is contained in whichs tructure?
Definition
Vestibular and tympanic ducts
Term
What does the cochlear duct contain?
Definition
The organ of corti
Term
What is the organ of corti?
Definition
The sensory complex for sound
Term
What seperates the vestibular and cochlear ducts?
Definition
Vestibular membrane
Term
What separates the cochlear and tympanic duct
Definition
Basilar membrane
Term
What does the organ of corti contain?
Definition
Hair cells, tectorial and basilar membranes
Term
What are the stereocilia of the hair cells embedded in?
Definition
Tectorial membrane
Term
Distortion of the organ of corti is caused by what?
Definition
Waves in the perilymph created at the oval window
Term
What is the function of the round window?
Definition
To alleviate the pressure in the perilymph
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